4. Wb
Wbmamab
b by
bypl
pltbtbhs
hsms
ms li Erds
Erdsbhbho”
o”ss Klom
Klomtl
tlrr Kl`h
Kl`hcc prlp
prlpls
lshs
hs tbdt
tbdt wb
wbho
ho ch
chdr
droh
ohrs
rs drh
drh hxpl
hxplsh
sh`` tl
grdkkd
grdkkdtma
tmadc
dc ihdtur
ihdturhshs d cmt
cmttch
tch jhylo`
jhylo` tbhmr aurrho
aurrhott (m.
(m.h.,
h., m + 4), tbl
tblsh
sh ihdtu
ihdturhs
rhs drh –daqu
–daqumrh
mrh`‛<
`‛<
Daqumsmtmlo rhsucts irlk alkprhbhosmjch moput, wbmab ms kd`h uo`hrstdo`djch wmtb tbh bhcp prlvm`h`
jy tbh alothxt.
D. Daqumsmt
Daqumsmtmlo/
mlo/chdro
chdromog
mog bypltbhs
bypltbhsms
ms
J. Odt
Odturd
urdcc llr`h
r`hrr bypl
bypltbh
tbhsms
sms
A. Mo
Mopu
putt by
bypl
pltbtbhs
hsms
ms
@. Dii
Diihat
hatmvh
mvh imcth
imcthrr bypltb
bypltbhsmhsmss
:. Dcc li tbh ilcc
ilcclwmog
lwmog drh
drh mkpcmadtmlo
mkpcmadtmloss li Erdsbho”s
Erdsbho”s Klomtlr
Klomtlr Kl`hc
Kl`hc HRAHVP \\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\.
\\\.
D. Phd
Phdabh
abhrs
rs sbluc`
sbluc` alrrhat
alrrhat hrrlrs
hrrlrs `u
`urmo
rmog
g tb
tbhh tmk
tmkhh tbhy
tbhy drh alkkm
alkkmtthtth`
` ds hrrlr
hrrlr alrrh
alrrhatm
atmlo
lo ms
vdcudjch.
J. Phdabhrs sbluc`
sbluc` olt mosmst lo chdrohrs alovhrsmog
alovhrsmog jhilrh tbhy ihhc alkilrtdjch mo `lmog sl.
A. Phdabhrs
Phdabhrs sblu
sbluc`
c` olt hxphat
hxphat chdrohrs tl chdro
chdro –cdth struaturhs
struaturhs‛‛ suab ds tbmr` phrslo
phrslo smogucdr
smogucdr
hdrcy.
@. Phdabhrs
Phdabhrs alo
alosm`hr
sm`hr grdkkdt
grdkkdtmadc
madc thdabmo
thdabmogg ms li cmkmth`
cmkmth` vdcuh.
vdcuh.
1. Pbh vmhw
vmhw tbh cdogudgh
cdogudgh ms d systhksysthk li rhcdth`
rhcdth` hchkhot
hchkhotss lr –jumc`
–jumc`mog
mog jc
jclae
laes‛
s‛ ilr tbh hoal`mo
hoal`mog
g li
khdo
kh dommog,
og, tbh hc hchk
hkhohotsts jhmhmog
og pblo
pblohkhkhs
hs (s
(sl
luo`
uo`s)s),, klklrp
rpbh
bhkh
khss (wlr
(wlr`s
`s),
), tdtdg
gkhkh
khkhss
(pbrdshs/shothoahs/acdushs).
D. QtQtru
ruat
atur
urdc
dcms
msts
ts
J. PrPrdo
dosi
silr
lrkd
kdtm tmlo
lodcdcms
msts
ts
A. IuIuoa
oatm
tmlo
lodc
dcms
msts
ts
@. MoMoth
thrd
rdat
atml
mlod
odcm
cmst
stss
0. Wbmab li tbh ilcclwmog
ilcclwmog ms d vmhw
vmhw li do
do mothrdatm
mothrdatmlodc
lodcmst<
mst<
D. Cdo
Cdogud
gudgh
gh ms prmkdr
prmkdrmcy
mcy vlad
vladc.
c.
J. Cd
Cdog
ogud
udgh
gh ms
ms ar
arhd
hdtm
tmvh
vh..
A. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh hkpbdsmzh
hkpbdsmzhss tbh khdomog
khdomog do` iuoatmlos
iuoatmlos rdtbhr
rdtbhr tbdo tbh
tbh struatu
struaturhs.
rhs.
@. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh ms d vhbmach ilr hstdjcms
hstdjcmsbmog
bmog mothrphr
mothrphrslod
slodcc rhcdtml
rhcdtmlosbm
osbmp.
p.
8. Wbmab tb
tbhlry
hlry lo cdogudgh
cdogudgh thdabmog
thdabmog bds
bds gmvho jmrtb
jmrtb tl tbh khtbl`s
khtbl`s tbdt drh chdrohr-a
chdrohr-ahoth
hothrh`,
rh`, dccl
dcclwmog
wmog
chdrohrs tl wlre mo pdmrs lr grlups mo moilrkdtmlo gdp tdses do` prljchk-slcvmog datmvmtmhs wbhrh
suab alkkuomadtmlo strdthgmhs ds moilrkdtmlo sbdrmog, ohgltmdtmlo li khdomog, do` mothrdatmlo drh
ush`<
D.
J. Qt
Qtru
Jhruat
Jhb atur
urdc
bdvm
dv dcms
mlr msk
lrms
mskkk
A. Algo
Algomt
mtmv
mvms
msk
k
@. Iu
Iuoa
oatm
tmlo
lodc
dcms
msk
k
9. Mt ms d jrdoab l
lii cmogumstm
cmogumstmas
as tbdt `hdcs
`hdcs wmtb
wmtb blw wlr`s
wlr`s alkjmoh
alkjmoh tl ilr
ilrk
k pbrdshs,
pbrdshs, pbrds
pbrdshs
hs alkjmoh
alkjmoh tl
ilrk acdushs, do` acdushs alonlmo tl kdeh shothoahs.
D. Klrp
Klrpbl
blclclggy
J. Qyotdx
A. Qhkdotmas
@. Vr
Vrdg
dgkd
kdtmtmas
as
7. Wbdt ms sbl
sblwo
wo mo tbh systhkdt
systhkdtma
ma vdrmdtmlo
vdrmdtmlo li /t/ suab
suab ds /t/ mo tlp ms dspmrdth`,
dspmrdth`, /t/ mo stlp ms rhchdsh`
rhchdsh`,,
do` /t/ mo plt ms uorhchdsh`<
D. pblohkh
J. aloslodot
, A. vdrmdtmlo
@. dc
dccl
clpb
pblo
lohh
2. Wbmab li tbh ilc
ilcclwm
clwmogog sluo`s
sluo`s drh prl`uah`
prl`uah` jy jrmogmog
jrmogmog tbh drtmaucdt
drtmaucdtlrs
lrs ohdr hdab ltbhr
ltbhr suab tbdt
tbdt tbh
iclw li dmr ms mkph`h` jut olt alkpchthcy jclaeh`< Pbh dmr iclw tbrlugb tbh odrrlw lphomog arhdths
irmatmlo.
D. p, j, t, `, e, g
J. i, v, Ɯ, ö, s, z, Ť, ẔẔ,, b
A. k, o, Ņ
@. c, r
=. Wbdt ms mcc
mccustr
ustrdth`
dth` mo tbh ilcclw
ilcclwmog
mog hxdkpch<
hxdkpch< Mo Hogcmsb
Hogcmsb,, tbh stdthkhot
stdthkhot –Kdrmdo
–Kdrmdo ms d cmogumst‛
cmogumst‛ ho`s
ho`s
wmtb d idcc mo pmtab, wbmch ds d quhstmlo, –Kdrmdo ms d cmogumst<‛ tbh pmtab glhs up.
D. strhss
J. nuoaturh
A. momotl
tlo
odt
dtml
mlo
o
@. supr
suprds
dshg
hgkh
khot
otdc
dcss
46. Wbmab li tbh ilcclwmog ms do hxdkpch li `hrmvdtmlodc
`hrmvdtmlodc klrpbhkh<
klrpbhkh<
D. bhcpiuc
J. stdys
A. hdtho
@. cloghst
44. Pbh wlr`s –gyk‛, –kmeh‛, do` –PY‛ drh ilrkh` tbrlugb \\\\\\\\\\.
D. acmppmog
J. jdae
jdae il
ilrk
rkdtdtml
mloo
A. rllt
rllt arhd
arhdtm
tmlo
lo
@. alkp
alkpluluo`
o`mo
mogg
4:. Wbdt klrpblpbloh
klrpblpblohkma kma prlahss ms movlcvh`
movlcvh` mo wbmab
wbmab uomts tbdt laaur mo slkh alothxts
alothxts drh –clst‛
–clst‛ mo
ltbhrs suab ds –c m j r y‛ mosthd` li –c m j r d r y‛<
D. dssm
dssmkm
kmcd
cdtm
tmlo
lo
J. `m
`mss
ssmk
mkmc
mcdt
dtml
mlo
o
A. hpho
hphotb
tbhs
hsms
ms
@. khtd
khtdtb
tbhs
hsms
ms
41. Wbmab syotdatma struaturh
struaturh ms sblwo mo tbh
tbh ilcclwmog hxdkpchs<
hxdkpchs< –rhsplosmjch liimahrs‛,
liimahrs‛, –trusth` irmho`‛
D. prh`
prh`ma
madt
dtml
mloo
J. alkp
alkpch
chkh
khototdt
dtml
mlo
o
A. kl
kl``mi
mima
madt
dtml
mloo
@. allr
allr`m
`mod
odtm
tmlo
lo
40. Wbdt ms kd`h ush mo tbh hxdkpch
hxdkpch –M tlc` Vduc tl aclsh tbh
tbh `llr do` bh `m` sl‛<
D. blkloyky
J. dodpblrd
A. `hmxms
@. byployky
48. Wbdt adthglry li mcclautmlodry
mcclautmlodry dat ms `hklostrdth`
`hklostrdth` mo tbh ilcclwmo
ilcclwmog
g hxdkpch< –Zhahssmlo wmc
wmccc wlrsho
mo Hurlph mo tbh ohxt imvh yhdrs.‛
, D. rhpr
rhprhs
hsho
hotdtdtm
tmvh
vh
J. alkk
alkkms msssmvh
A. `mrhatmvh
@. hxpr
hxprhhss
ssmmvh
49. Wbdt alovhrsdtmlo
alovhrsdtmlo kdxmk shhks tl bdvh jhho vml
vmlcdth`
cdth` mo tbh ilcclwmog
ilcclwmog hxdkp
hxdkpch<
ch<
D> Blw wds tbh CHP<
J> Whcc, tbh prlatlr ms ky ilrkhr alcchgh prlihsslr.
D. kd
kdxm
xmk
k li
li qud
qudot
otmt
mty
y
J. kd
kdxm
xmk
k li
li qudc
qudcmt
mty
y
A. kd
kdxm
xmk
k li rhc
rhcdt
dtml
mloo
@. kdxm
kdxmk
k li
li kdoo
kdoohr hr
47. Pbms vmhw hkpbdsmzhs
hkpbdsmzhs tbdt odtmvh cdogudgh
cdogudgh alkprmshs
alkprmshs bdjmts tbdt d shalo`
shalo` cdogudg
cdogudghh chdrohr kust
lvhralkh. Pbms ms daalkpcmsbh` jy ilrgmog ohw bdjmts tbrlugb tbh rhphtmtmlo li pdtthro `rmccs wmtb
daalkpdoymog plsmtmvh rhmoilrahkhot.
D. Jhb
Jhbdvm
dvmlrm
lrmst
st Chdom
Chdomog
og Pbhlr
Pbhlryy
J. Alg
Algomt
omtmvh
mvh Chd
Chdrom
romog
og Pbhlry
Pbhlry
A. Iuo
Iuoatm
atmlod
lodcc Chdr
Chdrom
omog
og Pbhl
Pbhlry
ry
@. Bl
Blcms
cmstma
tma Chdrom
Chdromog
og Pbhl
Pbhlry
ry
42. Lvhrghohrdcmzdtmlo hrrlrs
hrrlrs suab ds –glh`‛ do` –ehhph`‛ ddrh rh alkklo mo abmc`rho”s sphhab.
sphhab. Quab hrrlrs
sugghst tbdt abmc`rho \\\\\\\\\\.
D. drh rhphdtmo
rhphdtmogg wbdt wds sdm`
sdm` tl tbhk,
tbhk, do` sbluc`
sbluc` tdeh olth
olth li tbhk
J. `l olt eolw
eolw tbh pdst
pdst thosh ilrks
ilrks li tblsh
tblsh vhrjs,
vhrjs, do` hxphrmhoa
hxphrmhoahh `miimaucty
`miimaucty
A. mo`uah
mo`uah tbh ruchs
ruchs ilr tbh pdst
pdst thosh
thosh irlk tbh cdogudgh
cdogudgh tl
tl wbmab ttbhy
bhy drh hxplsh`
hxplsh`
@. rhphdt
rhphdt tbh thdabhr”s
thdabhr”s kmstdeh
kmstdehs,s, do` tblsh
tblsh hrrlrs
hrrlrs drh vhry bdr`
bdr` tl uo`
uo`ll
4=. Pbms typh li cdogudgh
cdogudgh ms ush` tl `hsarmj
`hsarmjhh tbh emo` li cdogudgh d chdrohr ushs dt d gmvho tmkh, tbdt ms,
bms vhrsmlo li d gmvho cdogudgh, wbmab `hvmdths mo ahrtdmo wdys irlk tbh cdogudgh li d kdturh
sphdehr.
D. `mdchat
J. odtm
odtmvh
vh ccdo
dogu
gudg
dghh
A. bl
blcl
clpb
pbrd
rdst
stma
ma sphh
sphhab
ab
@. mo
moth
thrc
rcdo
dogu
gudg
dghh
:6. Daalr`mog tl algomtmvmsts,
algomtmvmsts, hrrlrs mo shalo
shalo`
` cdogudgh chdromog ms alosm`hrh` \\\\\\\\\\.
\\\\\\\\\\.
D. jd
jdsm
smss ilr
ilr th
thst
stmo
mog
g
J. pdr
pdrtt l
lii chdr
chdromo
omogg prl
prlahs
ahsss
A. ds prllis
prllis li u uosys
osysthkdt
thkdtma ma wdy
wdy li chdromog
chdromog
@. olt pdrt
pdrt li odturdc
odturdc prlgrhssm
prlgrhssmlolo mo daqumsmt
daqumsmtmlo
mlo li Hogcmsb
Hogcmsb
:4. Wbdt dptcy `hsarmjh
`hsarmjhss –uomvhrsdc
–uomvhrsdc grdkkdr‛<
grdkkdr‛<
D. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh ush` ilr alkkuomad
alkkuomadtmlotmlo jy phlp
phlpch
ch wbl sphde `miihrhot
`miihrhot imrs
imrstt cdogudg
cdogudghs
hs
J. Zuchs dppcmadjch
dppcmadjch tl dcc
dcc b
bukdo
ukdo cdogudghs
cdogudghs
A. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh wmtb
wmtb tbh sdkh
sdkh vladjucdry
vladjucdry,, grdkkdr,
grdkkdr, do` prlouoamdt
prlouoamdtmlo
mlo
@. Zuchs li li grdkkdr tbdt
tbdt `mstmog
`mstmogumsb
umsb loh
loh cdogudgh
cdogudgh irlk tbh
tbh ltbhrs
ltbhrs
Wbmamab
b by
bypl
pltbtbhs
hsms
ms li Erds
Erdsbhbho”
o”ss Klom
Klomtl
tlrr Kl`h
Kl`hcc prlp
prlpls
lshs
hs tbdt
tbdt wb
wbho
ho ch
chdr
droh
ohrs
rs drh
drh hxpl
hxplsh
sh`` tl
grdkkd
grdkkdtma
tmadc
dc ihdtur
ihdturhshs d cmt
cmttch
tch jhylo`
jhylo` tbhmr aurrho
aurrhott (m.
(m.h.,
h., m + 4), tbl
tblsh
sh ihdtu
ihdturhs
rhs drh –daqu
–daqumrh
mrh`‛<
`‛<
Daqumsmtmlo rhsucts irlk alkprhbhosmjch moput, wbmab ms kd`h uo`hrstdo`djch wmtb tbh bhcp prlvm`h`
jy tbh alothxt.
D. Daqumsmt
Daqumsmtmlo/
mlo/chdro
chdromog
mog bypltbhs
bypltbhsms
ms
J. Odt
Odturd
urdcc llr`h
r`hrr bypl
bypltbh
tbhsms
sms
A. Mo
Mopu
putt by
bypl
pltbtbhs
hsms
ms
@. Dii
Diihat
hatmvh
mvh imcth
imcthrr bypltb
bypltbhsmhsmss
:. Dcc li tbh ilcc
ilcclwmog
lwmog drh
drh mkpcmadtmlo
mkpcmadtmloss li Erdsbho”s
Erdsbho”s Klomtlr
Klomtlr Kl`hc
Kl`hc HRAHVP \\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\.
\\\.
D. Phd
Phdabh
abhrs
rs sbluc`
sbluc` alrrhat
alrrhat hrrlrs
hrrlrs `u
`urmo
rmog
g tb
tbhh tmk
tmkhh tbhy
tbhy drh alkkm
alkkmtthtth`
` ds hrrlr
hrrlr alrrh
alrrhatm
atmlo
lo ms
vdcudjch.
J. Phdabhrs sbluc`
sbluc` olt mosmst lo chdrohrs alovhrsmog
alovhrsmog jhilrh tbhy ihhc alkilrtdjch mo `lmog sl.
A. Phdabhrs
Phdabhrs sblu
sbluc`
c` olt hxphat
hxphat chdrohrs tl chdro
chdro –cdth struaturhs
struaturhs‛‛ suab ds tbmr` phrslo
phrslo smogucdr
smogucdr
hdrcy.
@. Phdabhrs
Phdabhrs alo
alosm`hr
sm`hr grdkkdt
grdkkdtmadc
madc thdabmo
thdabmogg ms li cmkmth`
cmkmth` vdcuh.
vdcuh.
1. Pbh vmhw
vmhw tbh cdogudgh
cdogudgh ms d systhksysthk li rhcdth`
rhcdth` hchkhot
hchkhotss lr –jumc`
–jumc`mog
mog jc
jclae
laes‛
s‛ ilr tbh hoal`mo
hoal`mog
g li
khdo
kh dommog,
og, tbh hc hchk
hkhohotsts jhmhmog
og pblo
pblohkhkhs
hs (s
(sl
luo`
uo`s)s),, klklrp
rpbh
bhkh
khss (wlr
(wlr`s
`s),
), tdtdg
gkhkh
khkhss
(pbrdshs/shothoahs/acdushs).
D. QtQtru
ruat
atur
urdc
dcms
msts
ts
J. PrPrdo
dosi
silr
lrkd
kdtm tmlo
lodcdcms
msts
ts
A. IuIuoa
oatm
tmlo
lodc
dcms
msts
ts
@. MoMoth
thrd
rdat
atml
mlod
odcm
cmst
stss
0. Wbmab li tbh ilcclwmog
ilcclwmog ms d vmhw
vmhw li do
do mothrdatm
mothrdatmlodc
lodcmst<
mst<
D. Cdo
Cdogud
gudgh
gh ms prmkdr
prmkdrmcy
mcy vlad
vladc.
c.
J. Cd
Cdog
ogud
udgh
gh ms
ms ar
arhd
hdtm
tmvh
vh..
A. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh hkpbdsmzh
hkpbdsmzhss tbh khdomog
khdomog do` iuoatmlos
iuoatmlos rdtbhr
rdtbhr tbdo tbh
tbh struatu
struaturhs.
rhs.
@. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh ms d vhbmach ilr hstdjcms
hstdjcmsbmog
bmog mothrphr
mothrphrslod
slodcc rhcdtml
rhcdtmlosbm
osbmp.
p.
8. Wbmab tb
tbhlry
hlry lo cdogudgh
cdogudgh thdabmog
thdabmog bds
bds gmvho jmrtb
jmrtb tl tbh khtbl`s
khtbl`s tbdt drh chdrohr-a
chdrohr-ahoth
hothrh`,
rh`, dccl
dcclwmog
wmog
chdrohrs tl wlre mo pdmrs lr grlups mo moilrkdtmlo gdp tdses do` prljchk-slcvmog datmvmtmhs wbhrh
suab alkkuomadtmlo strdthgmhs ds moilrkdtmlo sbdrmog, ohgltmdtmlo li khdomog, do` mothrdatmlo drh
ush`<
D.
J. Qt
Qtru
Jhruat
Jhb atur
urdc
bdvm
dv dcms
mlr msk
lrms
mskkk
A. Algo
Algomt
mtmv
mvms
msk
k
@. Iu
Iuoa
oatm
tmlo
lodc
dcms
msk
k
9. Mt ms d jrdoab l
lii cmogumstm
cmogumstmas
as tbdt `hdcs
`hdcs wmtb
wmtb blw wlr`s
wlr`s alkjmoh
alkjmoh tl ilr
ilrk
k pbrdshs,
pbrdshs, pbrds
pbrdshs
hs alkjmoh
alkjmoh tl
ilrk acdushs, do` acdushs alonlmo tl kdeh shothoahs.
D. Klrp
Klrpbl
blclclggy
J. Qyotdx
A. Qhkdotmas
@. Vr
Vrdg
dgkd
kdtmtmas
as
7. Wbdt ms sbl
sblwo
wo mo tbh systhkdt
systhkdtma
ma vdrmdtmlo
vdrmdtmlo li /t/ suab
suab ds /t/ mo tlp ms dspmrdth`,
dspmrdth`, /t/ mo stlp ms rhchdsh`
rhchdsh`,,
do` /t/ mo plt ms uorhchdsh`<
D. pblohkh
J. aloslodot
, A. vdrmdtmlo
@. dc
dccl
clpb
pblo
lohh
2. Wbmab li tbh ilc
ilcclwm
clwmogog sluo`s
sluo`s drh prl`uah`
prl`uah` jy jrmogmog
jrmogmog tbh drtmaucdt
drtmaucdtlrs
lrs ohdr hdab ltbhr
ltbhr suab tbdt
tbdt tbh
iclw li dmr ms mkph`h` jut olt alkpchthcy jclaeh`< Pbh dmr iclw tbrlugb tbh odrrlw lphomog arhdths
irmatmlo.
D. p, j, t, `, e, g
J. i, v, Ɯ, ö, s, z, Ť, ẔẔ,, b
A. k, o, Ņ
@. c, r
=. Wbdt ms mcc
mccustr
ustrdth`
dth` mo tbh ilcclw
ilcclwmog
mog hxdkpch<
hxdkpch< Mo Hogcmsb
Hogcmsb,, tbh stdthkhot
stdthkhot –Kdrmdo
–Kdrmdo ms d cmogumst‛
cmogumst‛ ho`s
ho`s
wmtb d idcc mo pmtab, wbmch ds d quhstmlo, –Kdrmdo ms d cmogumst<‛ tbh pmtab glhs up.
D. strhss
J. nuoaturh
A. momotl
tlo
odt
dtml
mlo
o
@. supr
suprds
dshg
hgkh
khot
otdc
dcss
46. Wbmab li tbh ilcclwmog ms do hxdkpch li `hrmvdtmlodc
`hrmvdtmlodc klrpbhkh<
klrpbhkh<
D. bhcpiuc
J. stdys
A. hdtho
@. cloghst
44. Pbh wlr`s –gyk‛, –kmeh‛, do` –PY‛ drh ilrkh` tbrlugb \\\\\\\\\\.
D. acmppmog
J. jdae
jdae il
ilrk
rkdtdtml
mloo
A. rllt
rllt arhd
arhdtm
tmlo
lo
@. alkp
alkpluluo`
o`mo
mogg
4:. Wbdt klrpblpbloh
klrpblpblohkma kma prlahss ms movlcvh`
movlcvh` mo wbmab
wbmab uomts tbdt laaur mo slkh alothxts
alothxts drh –clst‛
–clst‛ mo
ltbhrs suab ds –c m j r y‛ mosthd` li –c m j r d r y‛<
D. dssm
dssmkm
kmcd
cdtm
tmlo
lo
J. `m
`mss
ssmk
mkmc
mcdt
dtml
mlo
o
A. hpho
hphotb
tbhs
hsms
ms
@. khtd
khtdtb
tbhs
hsms
ms
41. Wbmab syotdatma struaturh
struaturh ms sblwo mo tbh
tbh ilcclwmog hxdkpchs<
hxdkpchs< –rhsplosmjch liimahrs‛,
liimahrs‛, –trusth` irmho`‛
D. prh`
prh`ma
madt
dtml
mloo
J. alkp
alkpch
chkh
khototdt
dtml
mlo
o
A. kl
kl``mi
mima
madt
dtml
mloo
@. allr
allr`m
`mod
odtm
tmlo
lo
40. Wbdt ms kd`h ush mo tbh hxdkpch
hxdkpch –M tlc` Vduc tl aclsh tbh
tbh `llr do` bh `m` sl‛<
D. blkloyky
J. dodpblrd
A. `hmxms
@. byployky
48. Wbdt adthglry li mcclautmlodry
mcclautmlodry dat ms `hklostrdth`
`hklostrdth` mo tbh ilcclwmo
ilcclwmog
g hxdkpch< –Zhahssmlo wmc
wmccc wlrsho
mo Hurlph mo tbh ohxt imvh yhdrs.‛
, D. rhpr
rhprhs
hsho
hotdtdtm
tmvh
vh
J. alkk
alkkms msssmvh
A. `mrhatmvh
@. hxpr
hxprhhss
ssmmvh
49. Wbdt alovhrsdtmlo
alovhrsdtmlo kdxmk shhks tl bdvh jhho vml
vmlcdth`
cdth` mo tbh ilcclwmog
ilcclwmog hxdkp
hxdkpch<
ch<
D> Blw wds tbh CHP<
J> Whcc, tbh prlatlr ms ky ilrkhr alcchgh prlihsslr.
D. kd
kdxm
xmk
k li
li qud
qudot
otmt
mty
y
J. kd
kdxm
xmk
k li
li qudc
qudcmt
mty
y
A. kd
kdxm
xmk
k li rhc
rhcdt
dtml
mloo
@. kdxm
kdxmk
k li
li kdoo
kdoohr hr
47. Pbms vmhw hkpbdsmzhs
hkpbdsmzhs tbdt odtmvh cdogudgh
cdogudgh alkprmshs
alkprmshs bdjmts tbdt d shalo`
shalo` cdogudg
cdogudghh chdrohr kust
lvhralkh. Pbms ms daalkpcmsbh` jy ilrgmog ohw bdjmts tbrlugb tbh rhphtmtmlo li pdtthro `rmccs wmtb
daalkpdoymog plsmtmvh rhmoilrahkhot.
D. Jhb
Jhbdvm
dvmlrm
lrmst
st Chdom
Chdomog
og Pbhlr
Pbhlryy
J. Alg
Algomt
omtmvh
mvh Chd
Chdrom
romog
og Pbhlry
Pbhlry
A. Iuo
Iuoatm
atmlod
lodcc Chdr
Chdrom
omog
og Pbhl
Pbhlry
ry
@. Bl
Blcms
cmstma
tma Chdrom
Chdromog
og Pbhl
Pbhlry
ry
42. Lvhrghohrdcmzdtmlo hrrlrs
hrrlrs suab ds –glh`‛ do` –ehhph`‛ ddrh rh alkklo mo abmc`rho”s sphhab.
sphhab. Quab hrrlrs
sugghst tbdt abmc`rho \\\\\\\\\\.
D. drh rhphdtmo
rhphdtmogg wbdt wds sdm`
sdm` tl tbhk,
tbhk, do` sbluc`
sbluc` tdeh olth
olth li tbhk
J. `l olt eolw
eolw tbh pdst
pdst thosh ilrks
ilrks li tblsh
tblsh vhrjs,
vhrjs, do` hxphrmhoa
hxphrmhoahh `miimaucty
`miimaucty
A. mo`uah
mo`uah tbh ruchs
ruchs ilr tbh pdst
pdst thosh
thosh irlk tbh cdogudgh
cdogudgh tl
tl wbmab ttbhy
bhy drh hxplsh`
hxplsh`
@. rhphdt
rhphdt tbh thdabhr”s
thdabhr”s kmstdeh
kmstdehs,s, do` tblsh
tblsh hrrlrs
hrrlrs drh vhry bdr`
bdr` tl uo`
uo`ll
4=. Pbms typh li cdogudgh
cdogudgh ms ush` tl `hsarmj
`hsarmjhh tbh emo` li cdogudgh d chdrohr ushs dt d gmvho tmkh, tbdt ms,
bms vhrsmlo li d gmvho cdogudgh, wbmab `hvmdths mo ahrtdmo wdys irlk tbh cdogudgh li d kdturh
sphdehr.
D. `mdchat
J. odtm
odtmvh
vh ccdo
dogu
gudg
dghh
A. bl
blcl
clpb
pbrd
rdst
stma
ma sphh
sphhab
ab
@. mo
moth
thrc
rcdo
dogu
gudg
dghh
:6. Daalr`mog tl algomtmvmsts,
algomtmvmsts, hrrlrs mo shalo
shalo`
` cdogudgh chdromog ms alosm`hrh` \\\\\\\\\\.
\\\\\\\\\\.
D. jd
jdsm
smss ilr
ilr th
thst
stmo
mog
g
J. pdr
pdrtt l
lii chdr
chdromo
omogg prl
prlahs
ahsss
A. ds prllis
prllis li u uosys
osysthkdt
thkdtma ma wdy
wdy li chdromog
chdromog
@. olt pdrt
pdrt li odturdc
odturdc prlgrhssm
prlgrhssmlolo mo daqumsmt
daqumsmtmlo
mlo li Hogcmsb
Hogcmsb
:4. Wbdt dptcy `hsarmjh
`hsarmjhss –uomvhrsdc
–uomvhrsdc grdkkdr‛<
grdkkdr‛<
D. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh ush` ilr alkkuomad
alkkuomadtmlotmlo jy phlp
phlpch
ch wbl sphde `miihrhot
`miihrhot imrs
imrstt cdogudg
cdogudghs
hs
J. Zuchs dppcmadjch
dppcmadjch tl dcc
dcc b
bukdo
ukdo cdogudghs
cdogudghs
A. Cdogudgh
Cdogudgh wmtb
wmtb tbh sdkh
sdkh vladjucdry
vladjucdry,, grdkkdr,
grdkkdr, do` prlouoamdt
prlouoamdtmlo
mlo
@. Zuchs li li grdkkdr tbdt
tbdt `mstmog
`mstmogumsb
umsb loh
loh cdogudgh
cdogudgh irlk tbh
tbh ltbhrs
ltbhrs
