PHC 4101 QUIZ 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

PHC 4101 QUIZ 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 What are the 3 core functions of public health? - Answers Assessment, policy development, assurance T/F, public health is concerned with the individual - Answers False How many essential public health services are there? - Answers 10 Match the following individuals with their associations to public health: Lind Jenner Snow Fleming - Answers Lind - Vitamin C deficiency led to scurvy Jenner - Created the vaccination for smallpox Snow - Found the source of Cholera in London Fleming - Created penicilin Health is the dynamic state of ________, ___________, ____________, & _________ well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity or disease - Answers Physical, mental, spiritual, and social What are the 5 areas of social determinants of health (SDOH)? - Answers Social & community context Healthcare access and healthcare quality Education access and education quality Economic stability Neighborhood/build Health equity vs. health equality - Answers Health equity recognizes the differences between individuals/groups and allocates resources and opportunities to aim for equal health outcomes Health equality is ensuring that everyone receives equal resources and opportunities in healthcare T/F, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity are defined together as trouble - Answers False Under the public health core function assessment, what essential services fall under this function? - Answers Monitor health, diagnose, and investigate Name the 6 beliefs in the health belief model of change - Answers Perceived severity Perceived susceptibility Perceived barriers Perceived benefits Self-efficacy Cue to action What outcomes did the Belmont Report have? - Answers The Belmont report summarized ethical principles and guidelines for human participation in research Identified 3 core principles: Respect for persons Beneficence Justice 3 core principles associated with research involving human subjects - Answers Respect for persons: participants know about and have consent to research, have autonomy and protect those with diminished autonomy Beneficence: Do no harm, minimizing potential harm, minimize risks and maximize benefits Justice: Fair distribution of costs/benefits to all participants What does IRB stand for? - Answers Institutional Review Board The demographic transition attempts to explain population changes on ___________ and __________, and the epidemiologic transition attempts to explain population changes based on ____________ - Answers Fertility, mortality, infectious diseases and famine Describe the 3 stages of the demographic transition used to describe changes in populations - Answers Pre-industrial: Increase in fertility and increase in mortality // no change in population Industrial: Increase in fertility and reduced mortality // increase in population Post-industrial: Decrease in fertility and decrease in mortality // slight decrease in population Describe the 3 stages of the epidemiologic transition used to describe changes in population - Answers Pre-industrial: Increase in infectious diseases and famine Industrial: Decrease in infectious diseases Post-industrial: Increase in NCDs Primary level of prevention - Answers Intervention before health effects; preventative measures No signs or symptoms, no disease Ex: Vaccinations, altering risk behaviors Secondary level of prevention - Answers Screening to identify illness in the earliest stages before onset signs and symptoms No signs or symptoms, disease is questionable Ex: Mammograms, colonoscopy Tertiary level of prevention - Answers Managing disease post diagnosis to prevent complications and improve the quality of life Signs and symptoms are present, disease is present Ex: chemotherapy, rehabilitation What is the difference between an infection and disease? - Answers Infection occurs when bacteria, viruses or other microbes that cause disease enter the body and begin to multiply Disease occurs when the cells in the body are damaged (from the infection) and signs and symptoms of an illness appear What are Koch's 4 postulates? - Answers 1. Microorganism must be OBSERVED in every case of the disease 2. It must be ISOLATED and grown in pure culture/laboratory 3. The pure culture must REPRODUCE the disease when given to susceptible animals 4. Microorganism must be ISOLATED from the diseased animal What are the 6 means of infectious disease transmission? - Answers Direct person-to-person contact Indirect contact (water, food) Vectors (insects) In the air on aerosols Objects Fecal-oral What is the chain of infection? - Answers 1. Pathogen: A virus, bacterium or parasite that causes disease 2. Reservoir: Place where the pathogen lives and multiplies 3. Method of Transmission: Pathogen must have a way to travel from one host to another 4. Susceptible Host: Host of pathogen must be susceptible for disease, no immunity What is the health belief model? - Answers The health belief model is a social psychological health behavior change model developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors What is an injury? - Answers Physical damage that results when a human body is suddenly subjected to energy in amounts that exceed the threshold of physiological tolerance Unintentional vs intentional injuries - Answers Intentional: Injuries judged to have been purposely inflicted, either by the self or another person Unintentional: Injuries judged to have occurred without anyone intending that harm be done What are the types of injuries monitored in public health? - Answers Home and Recreational Safety Motor Vehicle Safety Traumatic Brain Injury Violence Prevention Adverse Childhood Experiences Opioid Overdose Prevention What is the epidemiological triangle and what are its components? - Answers A model used to study the causation of an illness Agent, host, and environment What are the four Es? - Answers Education: awareness, attitudes, cultural beliefs Enforcement/Enactment: rules, safety codes etc. Engineering: changing the environment to make it safer Economic Incentives and Penalties: reducing costs of purchasing safer equipment; tax breaks; Fines Haddon-Phase matrix - Answers Model that combines the epidemiology triangle and levels of prevention. Phases: Pre-event, event, post-event