NSG 526 Exam 2: Clinical Modalities Study Guide 2026 – Wilkes
University
1. According to Irvin Yalom, which therapeutic factor involves the realization
that one is not alone in their suffering or problems?
A. Altruism
B. Cohesiveness
C. Catharsis
D. Universality
Answer: D
Rationale: Universality is the recognition of shared experiences and feelings among group
members, which decreases isolation and stigma.
2. In the ‘Storming’ phase of group development, what is the primary behavior
observed among members?
A. Conflict and competition for status or control
B. Polite introductions and boundary seeking
C. High productivity and task completion
D. Termination of relationships and reflection
Answer: A
Rationale: The Storming stage is characterized by conflict, power struggles, and members
testing the leader’s authority and group boundaries.
,3. Which family therapy model focuses on ‘differentiation of self’ to prevent
individuals from being overwhelmed by the family’s emotional system?
A. Structural Family Therapy
B. Strategic Family Therapy
C. Solution-Focused Therapy
D. Bowen Family Systems Therapy
Answer: D
Rationale: Murray Bowen’s model emphasizes differentiation of self, which is the ability to
maintain one’s individuality while staying emotionally connected to the family.
4. In Structural Family Therapy, which term describes boundaries that are overly
restrictive, leading to isolation between family members?
A. Enmeshed
B. Rigid
C. Disengaged
D. Diffuse
Answer: B
Rationale: Rigid boundaries lead to disengagement, where family members are isolated
from one another and lack emotional support.
5. Which cognitive distortion involves drawing a specific conclusion based on a
single event, such as believing one failure means total incompetence?
A. Catastrophizing
B. Personalization
C. Overgeneralization
D. Emotional Reasoning
Answer: C
Rationale: Overgeneralization is taking one negative event and seeing it as a never-ending
pattern of defeat.
, 6. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was originally developed to treat which
specific disorder?
A. Borderline Personality Disorder
B. Major Depressive Disorder
C. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D. Schizophrenia
Answer: A
Rationale: Marsha Linehan developed DBT specifically to address the emotional
dysregulation and self-harming behaviors associated with Borderline Personality Disorder.
7. In Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), which of the following is NOT one of the four
primary problem areas addressed?
A. Grief/Loss
B. Role Transitions
C. Interpersonal Deficits
D. Cognitive Distortions
Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive distortions are a focus of CBT. IPT focuses on Grief, Role Transitions,
Role Disputes, and Interpersonal Deficits.
8. What is the primary goal of the ‘Miracle Question’ in Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy?
A. To identify past traumas
B. To challenge irrational beliefs
C. To help clients visualize a future without the problem
D. To analyze the client’s dreams
Answer: C
Rationale: The Miracle Question helps clients shift focus from the problem to a future-
oriented solution by imagining how life would be different if the problem disappeared.
University
1. According to Irvin Yalom, which therapeutic factor involves the realization
that one is not alone in their suffering or problems?
A. Altruism
B. Cohesiveness
C. Catharsis
D. Universality
Answer: D
Rationale: Universality is the recognition of shared experiences and feelings among group
members, which decreases isolation and stigma.
2. In the ‘Storming’ phase of group development, what is the primary behavior
observed among members?
A. Conflict and competition for status or control
B. Polite introductions and boundary seeking
C. High productivity and task completion
D. Termination of relationships and reflection
Answer: A
Rationale: The Storming stage is characterized by conflict, power struggles, and members
testing the leader’s authority and group boundaries.
,3. Which family therapy model focuses on ‘differentiation of self’ to prevent
individuals from being overwhelmed by the family’s emotional system?
A. Structural Family Therapy
B. Strategic Family Therapy
C. Solution-Focused Therapy
D. Bowen Family Systems Therapy
Answer: D
Rationale: Murray Bowen’s model emphasizes differentiation of self, which is the ability to
maintain one’s individuality while staying emotionally connected to the family.
4. In Structural Family Therapy, which term describes boundaries that are overly
restrictive, leading to isolation between family members?
A. Enmeshed
B. Rigid
C. Disengaged
D. Diffuse
Answer: B
Rationale: Rigid boundaries lead to disengagement, where family members are isolated
from one another and lack emotional support.
5. Which cognitive distortion involves drawing a specific conclusion based on a
single event, such as believing one failure means total incompetence?
A. Catastrophizing
B. Personalization
C. Overgeneralization
D. Emotional Reasoning
Answer: C
Rationale: Overgeneralization is taking one negative event and seeing it as a never-ending
pattern of defeat.
, 6. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was originally developed to treat which
specific disorder?
A. Borderline Personality Disorder
B. Major Depressive Disorder
C. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D. Schizophrenia
Answer: A
Rationale: Marsha Linehan developed DBT specifically to address the emotional
dysregulation and self-harming behaviors associated with Borderline Personality Disorder.
7. In Interpersonal Therapy (IPT), which of the following is NOT one of the four
primary problem areas addressed?
A. Grief/Loss
B. Role Transitions
C. Interpersonal Deficits
D. Cognitive Distortions
Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive distortions are a focus of CBT. IPT focuses on Grief, Role Transitions,
Role Disputes, and Interpersonal Deficits.
8. What is the primary goal of the ‘Miracle Question’ in Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy?
A. To identify past traumas
B. To challenge irrational beliefs
C. To help clients visualize a future without the problem
D. To analyze the client’s dreams
Answer: C
Rationale: The Miracle Question helps clients shift focus from the problem to a future-
oriented solution by imagining how life would be different if the problem disappeared.
