Neurons
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excitable cells that can initiate and transmit electrical signals
What does sebum do for the skin?
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helps make it water-resistant
Describe the T-tubules
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transmit electrical signals deep into muscle (from sarcolemma)
During puberty ____ hair replaces ____ hair in axillary and public regions
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terminal ; vellus
What happens with/to an excitable cell?
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change in membrane potential -70mv to +10mv excites/activates cell
Propagation of an action potential in (continuous) unmyleinated axons
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1. In unmyelinated axons, the action potential travels continuously along the
entire length of the axon.
2. Both sodium and potassium channels are present along the whole axon.
When the action potential reaches a section, sodium channels open,
causing depolarization.
3. The depolarization triggers adjacent voltage-gated sodium channels to
open, allowing the signal to move forward
4. Because the signal must activate each channel sequentially, the
propagation is slower compared to myelinated axons.
, 5. After depolarization, potassium channels open to repolarize the
membrane, preparing it for the next action potential.
What is the largest protein in the body?
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titin
Intracellular/Cytosol fluid
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fluid inside the cell
Describe the steps in excitation-contraction coupling
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- Increase in Ca²⁺ concentration initiates excitation-contraction coupling
- Ca²⁺ binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move away from myosin-
binding sites on actin filaments.
- Myosin heads attach to actin, forming cross-bridges.
- ATP is then hydrolyzed, providing the energy needed for the power
stroke (myosin heads pull the actin filaments toward the center of the
sarcomere)
- Contraction occurs
- Calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Relaxation occurs
, Secondary Active Transport
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active transport that does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, the
energy from existing concentration gradient
Ganglia
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clusters of neuron cell bodies
Describe delayed-onset muscle soreness
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- A sore, aching, painful feeling in the muscles after unfamiliar or
unaccustomed intense exercise
- Thought to result from temporary muscle damage and inflammation
- Commonly triggered by eccentric exercises.
The subcutaneous layer is _____ in men
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excitable cells that can initiate and transmit electrical signals
What does sebum do for the skin?
Give this one a try later!
helps make it water-resistant
Describe the T-tubules
,Give this one a try later!
transmit electrical signals deep into muscle (from sarcolemma)
During puberty ____ hair replaces ____ hair in axillary and public regions
Give this one a try later!
terminal ; vellus
What happens with/to an excitable cell?
Give this one a try later!
change in membrane potential -70mv to +10mv excites/activates cell
Propagation of an action potential in (continuous) unmyleinated axons
Give this one a try later!
1. In unmyelinated axons, the action potential travels continuously along the
entire length of the axon.
2. Both sodium and potassium channels are present along the whole axon.
When the action potential reaches a section, sodium channels open,
causing depolarization.
3. The depolarization triggers adjacent voltage-gated sodium channels to
open, allowing the signal to move forward
4. Because the signal must activate each channel sequentially, the
propagation is slower compared to myelinated axons.
, 5. After depolarization, potassium channels open to repolarize the
membrane, preparing it for the next action potential.
What is the largest protein in the body?
Give this one a try later!
titin
Intracellular/Cytosol fluid
Give this one a try later!
fluid inside the cell
Describe the steps in excitation-contraction coupling
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- Increase in Ca²⁺ concentration initiates excitation-contraction coupling
- Ca²⁺ binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move away from myosin-
binding sites on actin filaments.
- Myosin heads attach to actin, forming cross-bridges.
- ATP is then hydrolyzed, providing the energy needed for the power
stroke (myosin heads pull the actin filaments toward the center of the
sarcomere)
- Contraction occurs
- Calcium ions are pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Relaxation occurs
, Secondary Active Transport
Give this one a try later!
active transport that does not use ATP as an energy source; rather, the
energy from existing concentration gradient
Ganglia
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clusters of neuron cell bodies
Describe delayed-onset muscle soreness
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- A sore, aching, painful feeling in the muscles after unfamiliar or
unaccustomed intense exercise
- Thought to result from temporary muscle damage and inflammation
- Commonly triggered by eccentric exercises.
The subcutaneous layer is _____ in men
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