MDC 3 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS &
ACCURATE ANSWERS PASSED
What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of death in
women? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Breast cancer
How does breast cancer start? - Correct Answer ✔✔ From the epithelial lining of the
ducts or the epithelium of the lobules
99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? - Correct Answer ✔✔ women
breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women? - Correct Answer ✔✔
white
breast cancer in men is similar across? - Correct Answer ✔✔ all ethnic groups
Risk factors for breast cancer? - Correct Answer ✔✔ -post menopause (increasing in
age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be with
progesterone or alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or family
history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk)
Breast cancer signs and symptoms - Correct Answer ✔✔ -lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
,*Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * - Correct Answer ✔✔ *upper
outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common location of
a cancer*
Breast cancer screening & diagnostics - Correct Answer ✔✔ -history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
-Labs
-Pathology
Breast health large breast challenges - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
Breast health small breast challenges - Correct Answer ✔✔ -some choose breast
augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that increase bleeding
before/after surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as sensitive
-*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer*
*Breast Cancer Types* - Correct Answer ✔✔ -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer
remains in the mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
*Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is* - Correct Answer ✔✔ *DCIS: ductal carcinoma
is situate*
*Invasive breast cancer is* - Correct Answer ✔✔ *ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain, erythema & edema
*Most common invasive cancer* - Correct Answer ✔✔ *IDC: infiltrating ductal
carcinoma*
, *breast cancer treatment* - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Surgery: breast conserving &
masectomy
-Radiation therapy
-Chemotherapy
-Hormone therapy
breast conserving surgery - Correct Answer ✔✔ removes the entire tumor along with a
margin of normal tissue and may include lymph node removal
Masectomy - Correct Answer ✔✔ Total or simple usually involves lymph nodes
Radiation therapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ directed therapy to the site of the cancer
(original tumor)
Chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ (S/E depends on the drugs used, frequency, and
dose)
-*IV therapy in 2-3 week cycles over 3-6 months*
-Regular blood work is needed
Most common chemotherapy drugs 2 or 3 of these drugs mixed usually - Correct
Answer ✔✔ -Anthracyclines (doxurubicin & epirubicin)
-Taxanes (paclitazel & docetaxel)
-Cyclophosphadmide
-Carboplatin
Typical side effects of chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ -hair loss
-nail changes
-mouth sores
-loss of appetite
-N/V
-Diarrhea
-Increase risk of infection
-Easy bruising or bleeding
-Fatigue
-Menstrual changes and infertility
-"Chemo brain"
Lower risk side effects of chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ -heart damage
-risk of leukemia
*-hand foot syndrome (numb, tingling, red, swollen hands & soles)*
-Nerve damage
Hormone therapy cancer treatment options - Correct Answer ✔✔ -many block estrogen
receptors
-SERM: selective estrogen modulators: tamoxifen, toremifene, fulverstrant.
ACCURATE ANSWERS PASSED
What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women and 2nd leading cause of death in
women? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Breast cancer
How does breast cancer start? - Correct Answer ✔✔ From the epithelial lining of the
ducts or the epithelium of the lobules
99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? - Correct Answer ✔✔ women
breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women? - Correct Answer ✔✔
white
breast cancer in men is similar across? - Correct Answer ✔✔ all ethnic groups
Risk factors for breast cancer? - Correct Answer ✔✔ -post menopause (increasing in
age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause therapy) can be with
progesterone or alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian cancer, or family
history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2 hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance (increased risk)
Breast cancer signs and symptoms - Correct Answer ✔✔ -lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
,*Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * - Correct Answer ✔✔ *upper
outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is the most common location of
a cancer*
Breast cancer screening & diagnostics - Correct Answer ✔✔ -history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
-Labs
-Pathology
Breast health large breast challenges - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
Breast health small breast challenges - Correct Answer ✔✔ -some choose breast
augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs that increase bleeding
before/after surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may not be as sensitive
-*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not breast cancer*
*Breast Cancer Types* - Correct Answer ✔✔ -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast cancer
remains in the mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
*Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is* - Correct Answer ✔✔ *DCIS: ductal carcinoma
is situate*
*Invasive breast cancer is* - Correct Answer ✔✔ *ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain, erythema & edema
*Most common invasive cancer* - Correct Answer ✔✔ *IDC: infiltrating ductal
carcinoma*
, *breast cancer treatment* - Correct Answer ✔✔ -Surgery: breast conserving &
masectomy
-Radiation therapy
-Chemotherapy
-Hormone therapy
breast conserving surgery - Correct Answer ✔✔ removes the entire tumor along with a
margin of normal tissue and may include lymph node removal
Masectomy - Correct Answer ✔✔ Total or simple usually involves lymph nodes
Radiation therapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ directed therapy to the site of the cancer
(original tumor)
Chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ (S/E depends on the drugs used, frequency, and
dose)
-*IV therapy in 2-3 week cycles over 3-6 months*
-Regular blood work is needed
Most common chemotherapy drugs 2 or 3 of these drugs mixed usually - Correct
Answer ✔✔ -Anthracyclines (doxurubicin & epirubicin)
-Taxanes (paclitazel & docetaxel)
-Cyclophosphadmide
-Carboplatin
Typical side effects of chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ -hair loss
-nail changes
-mouth sores
-loss of appetite
-N/V
-Diarrhea
-Increase risk of infection
-Easy bruising or bleeding
-Fatigue
-Menstrual changes and infertility
-"Chemo brain"
Lower risk side effects of chemotherapy - Correct Answer ✔✔ -heart damage
-risk of leukemia
*-hand foot syndrome (numb, tingling, red, swollen hands & soles)*
-Nerve damage
Hormone therapy cancer treatment options - Correct Answer ✔✔ -many block estrogen
receptors
-SERM: selective estrogen modulators: tamoxifen, toremifene, fulverstrant.
