MDC 4 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS &
VALID COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
AGBs:
pH is normal = - Correct Answer ✔✔ fully compensated
AGBs:
HCO3 or CO2 is normal = - Correct Answer ✔✔ uncompensated
OPQRST Mnemonic - Correct Answer ✔✔ Onset
Provocation/Palliation
Quality, character
Region/Radiation
Signs, severity, symptoms
Time of onset, duration, intensity
Emergent (Critically Ill) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Patient has immediate threat to life or
limb, and requires immediate treatment
Urgent (Intermittent) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Patient should be treated quickly but
immediate threat to life does not exist at the moment
Non-urgent (Stable: low risk) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Patient can usually wait several
hours for care without risk
Alzheimer's Preventing Caregiver Role Strain - Correct Answer ✔✔ Suggest respite
care so the caregiver can get a break, support groups
MRC (Medical Reserve Corp) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Volunteers (physicians, nurses)
serve to alleviate large amounts of patients
DMAT (Disaster Medical Assistance Team) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Medical professionals
that respond to disaster areas with equipment and supplies to sustain operations for 72
hours
Considered federal employees while activated, so license is good in all 50 states
Hospital Incident Commander - Correct Answer ✔✔ Physician or administrator who
assumes overall leadership for implementing the emergency plan
Medical Command Physician - Correct Answer ✔✔ Physician who decides the number,
acuity, and resource needs of patients
,Triage Officer - Correct Answer ✔✔ Physician or nurse who rapidly evaluates each
patient to determine priorities for treatment
Community Relations or Public Information Officer - Correct Answer ✔✔ Person who
serves as a liaison between the health care facility and the media
Triage order of assessmment - Correct Answer ✔✔ C = circulation
A = airway
B = breathing
Heat Related Illnesses
Who's at risk? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Older adults (less fluid volume)
Mental health disorders
Outside workers
Homeless
Athletes
Military stationed in high temp climates
Comorbidities increasing the risk? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Obesity
Heart disease
Fever
Infection
Existing burns
Medications
Comorbidities increasing the risk of heat stroke?
Medications: - Correct Answer ✔✔ Lithium
Seizure meds
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
diuretics
Heat Exhaustion
Signs and Symptoms - Correct Answer ✔✔ Flu like symptoms - headache, weakness,
nausea and vomiting
Cool clammy pale skin
Rapid weak pulse
No significant increase in body temp
May continue to perspire
Heat Exhaustion
Interventions - Correct Answer ✔✔ Immediately stop activity
Cooling measures to reduce temp
Ice packs to hot spots
Cool water soaking
Sports drinks/ electrolyte replacement (NOT WATER, WHY? -> Further dilutes them)
, Exertional Heat Stroke - Correct Answer ✔✔ sudden onset and often results from
strenuous activity
Classic Heat Stroke (non-exertional) - Correct Answer ✔✔ chronic, occurs over a period
of time
Signs and Symptoms of Heat Stroke - Correct Answer ✔✔ Profound elevated body
temperature
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Oliguria
Electrolyte imbalances (esp Na and K)
Skin is typically hot and dry (the presence of perspiration does not rule out heat stroke)
Mental status change is hallmark finding- related to thermal injury to brain (Confusion,
Abnormal behavior, Seizures, Coma)
Meningitis Clinical Manifestations - Correct Answer ✔✔ Decrease or change in LOC
AMS
Photophobia, abnormal eye movements
Cranial nerve dysfunction, especially CN III, IV, VI, VII, VIII
Stupor
Unrelenting, severe headache
Flu like feelings
General muscle aches and pain, malaise
Nuchal rigidity, stiffness
Fever and chills
Nausea and Vomiting
Tachycardia
Red macular rash
Positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's
Interventions for Heat Stroke - Correct Answer ✔✔ NPO- risk for aspiration
ABCs
High flow O2
Aggressive Fluid resuscitation
Cooling measures until rectal temp is less than 102
External- ice packs, cooling blankets
Internal- ice lavage to stomach and/or bladder
Prevent shivering- why?
Indwelling catheter
No ASA or antipyretics
Cold Related Illnesses
Who's at risk? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Older adults
VALID COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
AGBs:
pH is normal = - Correct Answer ✔✔ fully compensated
AGBs:
HCO3 or CO2 is normal = - Correct Answer ✔✔ uncompensated
OPQRST Mnemonic - Correct Answer ✔✔ Onset
Provocation/Palliation
Quality, character
Region/Radiation
Signs, severity, symptoms
Time of onset, duration, intensity
Emergent (Critically Ill) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Patient has immediate threat to life or
limb, and requires immediate treatment
Urgent (Intermittent) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Patient should be treated quickly but
immediate threat to life does not exist at the moment
Non-urgent (Stable: low risk) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Patient can usually wait several
hours for care without risk
Alzheimer's Preventing Caregiver Role Strain - Correct Answer ✔✔ Suggest respite
care so the caregiver can get a break, support groups
MRC (Medical Reserve Corp) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Volunteers (physicians, nurses)
serve to alleviate large amounts of patients
DMAT (Disaster Medical Assistance Team) - Correct Answer ✔✔ Medical professionals
that respond to disaster areas with equipment and supplies to sustain operations for 72
hours
Considered federal employees while activated, so license is good in all 50 states
Hospital Incident Commander - Correct Answer ✔✔ Physician or administrator who
assumes overall leadership for implementing the emergency plan
Medical Command Physician - Correct Answer ✔✔ Physician who decides the number,
acuity, and resource needs of patients
,Triage Officer - Correct Answer ✔✔ Physician or nurse who rapidly evaluates each
patient to determine priorities for treatment
Community Relations or Public Information Officer - Correct Answer ✔✔ Person who
serves as a liaison between the health care facility and the media
Triage order of assessmment - Correct Answer ✔✔ C = circulation
A = airway
B = breathing
Heat Related Illnesses
Who's at risk? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Older adults (less fluid volume)
Mental health disorders
Outside workers
Homeless
Athletes
Military stationed in high temp climates
Comorbidities increasing the risk? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Obesity
Heart disease
Fever
Infection
Existing burns
Medications
Comorbidities increasing the risk of heat stroke?
Medications: - Correct Answer ✔✔ Lithium
Seizure meds
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
diuretics
Heat Exhaustion
Signs and Symptoms - Correct Answer ✔✔ Flu like symptoms - headache, weakness,
nausea and vomiting
Cool clammy pale skin
Rapid weak pulse
No significant increase in body temp
May continue to perspire
Heat Exhaustion
Interventions - Correct Answer ✔✔ Immediately stop activity
Cooling measures to reduce temp
Ice packs to hot spots
Cool water soaking
Sports drinks/ electrolyte replacement (NOT WATER, WHY? -> Further dilutes them)
, Exertional Heat Stroke - Correct Answer ✔✔ sudden onset and often results from
strenuous activity
Classic Heat Stroke (non-exertional) - Correct Answer ✔✔ chronic, occurs over a period
of time
Signs and Symptoms of Heat Stroke - Correct Answer ✔✔ Profound elevated body
temperature
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Oliguria
Electrolyte imbalances (esp Na and K)
Skin is typically hot and dry (the presence of perspiration does not rule out heat stroke)
Mental status change is hallmark finding- related to thermal injury to brain (Confusion,
Abnormal behavior, Seizures, Coma)
Meningitis Clinical Manifestations - Correct Answer ✔✔ Decrease or change in LOC
AMS
Photophobia, abnormal eye movements
Cranial nerve dysfunction, especially CN III, IV, VI, VII, VIII
Stupor
Unrelenting, severe headache
Flu like feelings
General muscle aches and pain, malaise
Nuchal rigidity, stiffness
Fever and chills
Nausea and Vomiting
Tachycardia
Red macular rash
Positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's
Interventions for Heat Stroke - Correct Answer ✔✔ NPO- risk for aspiration
ABCs
High flow O2
Aggressive Fluid resuscitation
Cooling measures until rectal temp is less than 102
External- ice packs, cooling blankets
Internal- ice lavage to stomach and/or bladder
Prevent shivering- why?
Indwelling catheter
No ASA or antipyretics
Cold Related Illnesses
Who's at risk? - Correct Answer ✔✔ Older adults
