MENOPAUSE EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is menopasue? - Answers - diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhea with no
obvious pathologic cause
When does menopause occur? And what May cause it to come early? - Answers -
Average age 50-51 years
No relationship between menarche and age of menopause
Marriage, childbearing, height, weight, and prolonged use of oral contraceptives do not
influence age of menopause.
*Smoking is associated with early menopause.*
What are symptoms of menopause and helpful to establish it? - Answers - May be
associated with vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbance, and vaginal/urinary symptoms
Estradiol <20 pg/mL and follicle-stimulation hormone level 21-100 mU/mL helpful in
establishing the diagnosis
According to the 2010 US census, of the 155 million women in this country, 41 million
were 55 years of age or older. Most of these women had or shortly would have their last
menstrual period, thus becoming postmenopausal. how long will a women on average
live after menopause? - Answers - woman at age 55 years can expect to live another 28
years, a large portion of the female population is without ovarian function and lives
about one-third of their lives after this function ceases.
"Consequently, physicians caring for women must understand the hormonal and
metabolic changes associated with the menopause, or "change of life," and the potential
benefits and risks of hormone therapy (HT)."
Induced menopause = - Answers - permanent cessation of menstruation after bilateral
oophorectomy or ablation of ovarian function (ie, by chemotherapy or radiation)
Premature menopause = - Answers - menopause reached at or before age 40 and can
be natural or induced
Perimenopause/menopause = - Answers - menstrual cycle and hormonal changes that
occur a few years before and 12 months after the final menstrual period resulting from
natural menopause. the menstrual cycle is likely to be irregular and when other
symptoms or complaints may be experienced.
Menopause = - Answers - final menstruation
Postmenopause = - Answers - phase of life that comes after the menopause.
*graph of the reproductive cycle staging* - Answers - Few years riot and one year after.
Menopause Timeline graph - Answers -
, Decades of mature reproductive life are characterized by a generally regular menses
and a slow, steady decrease in cycle length that looks like what? - Answers - The
decrease noted at 35 years+ is a result of shortening or the follicular phase of the cycle,
with the luteal phase length remaining constant
*Graph of women ages below 45 and over 45 and hormones they go through?* -
Answers - 25-35
What causes negative feedback on FSH. What does this mean. - Answers - Inhibin -
hormone synthesized and secreted by the ovarian oocyte. As oocyte number
decreases, inhibin levels fall, resulting in a rise in FSH levels (diagnostic marker of
menopause).
Follicular atresia results in declining estrogen and inhibin
The irregular episodes of vaginal bleeding in premenopausal women represent the
irregular maturation of ovarian follicles with or without hormonal evidence of ovulation.
There are major changes in androgen, estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropin
secretion, much of which occurs because of cessation of ovarian follicular activity.
What does this look like on a graph? - Answers -
A 52-year-old female presents with a primary complaint of amenorrhea for the past 6
months. She also reports dyspareunia, recurrent headache, and infrequent episodes of
night sweats. Diagnostic work-up reveals increased serum FSH levels. Which additional
laboratory findings would most likely be seen in this patient? - Answers - a. Increased
estradiol & decreased LH
b. Increased progesterone & increased LH
*c. Decreased estrogen & Increased LH*
d. Decreased Progesterone & Increased testosterone
Two types of menopause: - Answers - Physiologic menopasue
artificial menopause
what is physiologic menopause? - Answers - Oocytes responsive to gonadotropins (LH,
FSH) disappear from the ovary
The few remaining oocytes stop responding to the Gonadotropins (LH, FSH)
Can be hastened by:
Severe infections
tumor of reproductive tract
Excessive exposure to ionizing radiation
Chemo-therapeutic drugs
Surgical procedures impairing ovarian blood supply
Endocrine or chromosomal abnormalities
Artificial Menopause - Answers - Permanent cessation
What is menopasue? - Answers - diagnosed after 12 months of amenorrhea with no
obvious pathologic cause
When does menopause occur? And what May cause it to come early? - Answers -
Average age 50-51 years
No relationship between menarche and age of menopause
Marriage, childbearing, height, weight, and prolonged use of oral contraceptives do not
influence age of menopause.
*Smoking is associated with early menopause.*
What are symptoms of menopause and helpful to establish it? - Answers - May be
associated with vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbance, and vaginal/urinary symptoms
Estradiol <20 pg/mL and follicle-stimulation hormone level 21-100 mU/mL helpful in
establishing the diagnosis
According to the 2010 US census, of the 155 million women in this country, 41 million
were 55 years of age or older. Most of these women had or shortly would have their last
menstrual period, thus becoming postmenopausal. how long will a women on average
live after menopause? - Answers - woman at age 55 years can expect to live another 28
years, a large portion of the female population is without ovarian function and lives
about one-third of their lives after this function ceases.
"Consequently, physicians caring for women must understand the hormonal and
metabolic changes associated with the menopause, or "change of life," and the potential
benefits and risks of hormone therapy (HT)."
Induced menopause = - Answers - permanent cessation of menstruation after bilateral
oophorectomy or ablation of ovarian function (ie, by chemotherapy or radiation)
Premature menopause = - Answers - menopause reached at or before age 40 and can
be natural or induced
Perimenopause/menopause = - Answers - menstrual cycle and hormonal changes that
occur a few years before and 12 months after the final menstrual period resulting from
natural menopause. the menstrual cycle is likely to be irregular and when other
symptoms or complaints may be experienced.
Menopause = - Answers - final menstruation
Postmenopause = - Answers - phase of life that comes after the menopause.
*graph of the reproductive cycle staging* - Answers - Few years riot and one year after.
Menopause Timeline graph - Answers -
, Decades of mature reproductive life are characterized by a generally regular menses
and a slow, steady decrease in cycle length that looks like what? - Answers - The
decrease noted at 35 years+ is a result of shortening or the follicular phase of the cycle,
with the luteal phase length remaining constant
*Graph of women ages below 45 and over 45 and hormones they go through?* -
Answers - 25-35
What causes negative feedback on FSH. What does this mean. - Answers - Inhibin -
hormone synthesized and secreted by the ovarian oocyte. As oocyte number
decreases, inhibin levels fall, resulting in a rise in FSH levels (diagnostic marker of
menopause).
Follicular atresia results in declining estrogen and inhibin
The irregular episodes of vaginal bleeding in premenopausal women represent the
irregular maturation of ovarian follicles with or without hormonal evidence of ovulation.
There are major changes in androgen, estrogen, progesterone, and gonadotropin
secretion, much of which occurs because of cessation of ovarian follicular activity.
What does this look like on a graph? - Answers -
A 52-year-old female presents with a primary complaint of amenorrhea for the past 6
months. She also reports dyspareunia, recurrent headache, and infrequent episodes of
night sweats. Diagnostic work-up reveals increased serum FSH levels. Which additional
laboratory findings would most likely be seen in this patient? - Answers - a. Increased
estradiol & decreased LH
b. Increased progesterone & increased LH
*c. Decreased estrogen & Increased LH*
d. Decreased Progesterone & Increased testosterone
Two types of menopause: - Answers - Physiologic menopasue
artificial menopause
what is physiologic menopause? - Answers - Oocytes responsive to gonadotropins (LH,
FSH) disappear from the ovary
The few remaining oocytes stop responding to the Gonadotropins (LH, FSH)
Can be hastened by:
Severe infections
tumor of reproductive tract
Excessive exposure to ionizing radiation
Chemo-therapeutic drugs
Surgical procedures impairing ovarian blood supply
Endocrine or chromosomal abnormalities
Artificial Menopause - Answers - Permanent cessation
