Cyber OPS Final Exam Exam | Most Recent Exam 2026 Actual
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Five pillars of cyber security
Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Non-repudiation, Availability
What is the binary representation of 0x3E4
0011 1110 0100
What is the binary representation of the decimal number 110? (long division).
0110 1110
The first 4 bytes of data for a file are: 0101 0010 0100 1001 0100 0110 0100 0110.
0101 0010
What tool would you use to look at the bytes of this file to determine what
type of file it is?
Frhed HEX editor
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What is a better indicator of file type - file extensions or file headers? Explain
your answer.
File headers, because they are needed to open the file correctly. Someone
can change the file extension, and the file could still open if the file header
was correct.
Putting on your CSI hat, use at least 3 aspects of the Cyber Domain to
explain why it is difficult to determine exactly who launched a cyber-
attack.
1. Cyber attacks often take on the persona of someone else online. It is not
difficult for an attacker to do.
2. Cyber attackers can change their IP addresses and make it look like
they are coming from a different geographical location.
3. Cyber attacks, often manipulate the circuit aspect to send data across the
internet making it very difficult to trace.
What are the five aspects of the Cyber Domain?
Logic, Persona, Geographical, Circuit, and Interface
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A system administrator for a network at the Naval Academy is deciding how
to set up a new video game service for the Mids. His first thought is to set
the game up with administrator privileges, as this will make it easier for
him to add users and make stylistic changes. From a security standpoint,
how should he set the game up for all the users on the network? Explain
your answer.
He should set it up with the least amount of privilege needed to run the
service--- preferably with user privileges and not administrator privileges.
That way, if an attacker were able to take over the service, they would only
have user privileges and not administrator privileges.
Assume the following:
Your IP address is 10.131.46.22
Port that your laptop uses to send information out:
41321 Your Gateway router IP address is 10.131.46.1
Port your Gateway router uses to send information out:
32765 ESPN.com server IP address is 192.168.22.135
You would like to go to ESPN.com to see the score of the Indians-Cubs
game, so you type http://www.espn.com/ in your web browser. Given the
above information, and assuming your Gateway router employs Network
Address Translation, if you typed netstat -an in an administrator shell after
you went to espn.com, what would you most likely receive as a response.
TCP 10.131.46.22:41321 192.168.22.135:80 ESTABLISHED
Your laptop is stupid and doesn't know about gateway routers.
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