1 of 200
Term
Which of the following is a complication after a bedside
thoracentesis?
A. acute bleeding for puncture site
B. pneumothorax
C. hemothorax
D. all of the above
Give this one a try later!
D. all of the above
Bedside thoracentesis has been replaced by ultrasound-guided
thoracentesis due to the complication of pneumothorax. Patient
coagulation studies are done before the procedure to eliminate the
possibility of bleeding from the site, as well as causing a hemothorax,
although these complications may still occur.
, B. PaCO2
A good estimate of alveolar ventilation is the patient's PaCO2 level. With good
alveolar ventilation, the patient is washing out the CO2. With ventilatory failure,
the PaCO2 increases. Remember:
alveolar ventilation=tidal vol - dead space x frequency
PaO2 reflects the oxygen in the blood, pH is the measure of acid/base of the
blood and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient is a measure of how much oxygen is
transported from the alveolus to the arterial blood. The other answers are
incorrect.
D. all of the above
When dealing with a young patient recovering from a critical illness, the nurse
should try to establish a normal pattern of care. Eating, sleeping and bathing all
are practices that should return to normal. Providing a quite, restful environment
as well as working with the patient's needs and desires and possible sleep
medication are all acceptable.
D. all of the above
Cardiac output, hemoglobin levels and oxygen saturation all contribute to the
amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues
Don't know?
2 of 200
Term
The criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome include:
A. hyperglycemia, hypertension, increased abdominal fat
B. low blood sugar, obesity, history of STEMI
C. low blood sugar, increased triglycerides, normal lipid panel
D. hyperglycemia, normal lipid panel, malnutrition
Give this one a try later!
, A. hyperglycemia, hypertension, increased abdominal fat
Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical disorders that, when
occurring together, increase the risk of developing diabetes and
cardiovascular disease, according to the 2005 NCEP update. This list of
disorders include: hypertension (BP> 130/85), high blood sugar (fasting
blood sugar>100), men with HDL less than 40, women with an HDL<50, high
triglycerides(>150), and men with an abdominal girth greater than 40 inches
and women with an abdominal girl greater than 30 inches.
A. alcohol withdrawal
The first signs of alcohol withdrawal are tachycardia, tremors, and agitation or
hallucinations. The primary etiology of acute pancreatitis in the U.S. is alcoholism.
Adverse reactions to medications may include tachycardia and possibly fine
tremors with some neuro-psychiatric medications, but do not generally include
agitation. ICU psychosis generally occurs two to three days after admission and
appears as a sudden change in level of consciousness and agitation, not fine
tremors. Generalized seizure activity begins with muscular tonic-clonic
contractions and loss of consciousness.
D. hyperkalemia
Initially, the patient has high serum potassium to the metabolic acidosis present
from the ketones. This acidosis pulls potassium from the cell, making the patient
hyperkalemic. As soon as insulin is given, however, potassium re-enters the cell
and the ketosis stops. The initial sodium level in DKA is normal, as is calcium.
A. pH
The pH is most important since it establishes whether the patient is
compensating. It also directs the action of the caregiver. If the pH is acidotic, that
may be an indication for intubation. If the pH is alkalotic, the patient may require
intubation or other means of support to improve oxygen delivery. Arterial
oxygenation may be assessed using the pulse oximetry. Venous oxygenation is a
good tool for the assessment of oxygen consumption, but not delivery. Arterial
bicarbonate is a way to measure metabolic characteristics.
Don't know?
3 of 200
, Term
A family-centered approach to patient care recognizes that families:
A. may be harmful to patient's recovery
B. should be allowed to visit the patient anytime
C. are team members in the patient's healing process
D. should be included in all decisions about patient care
Give this one a try later!
C. are team members in the patient's healing process
Family-centered care is a philosophy that includes families as team
members in the care of the patient. The patient remains the center of the
staff's efforts. Family involvement has been shown to be beneficial, not
harmful. Open visiting hours are common in the ICU; however, there may
be times that the patient needs privacy, quiet and rest. Family members do
not have to be included in all decisions if the patient is awake and able to
make decisions.
C. more than 50% for longer than 24-28 hrs
Oxygen toxicity does occur in adults and is related to the amount of FiO2 over
time. FiO2 at more than 50% for more than 24 hrs can cause toxicity. Toxicity is
seen as increasing atelectasis due to decreased surfactant production. Inspired
oxygen at levels less than 50% will not cause toxicity.
A. oxygen, nitroglycerin, loop diuretics, and morphine
The first line drugs of choice for acute pulmonary edema are oxygen, loop
diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix), nitroglycerin (preload reducer and
increased myocardial blood flow), and morphine (vasodilator to reduce preload,
decrease pain and anxiety; pain and anxiety increase the oxygen needs of the
myocardium). Thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are
not used as first line drugs in treatment of pulmonary edema.
Term
Which of the following is a complication after a bedside
thoracentesis?
A. acute bleeding for puncture site
B. pneumothorax
C. hemothorax
D. all of the above
Give this one a try later!
D. all of the above
Bedside thoracentesis has been replaced by ultrasound-guided
thoracentesis due to the complication of pneumothorax. Patient
coagulation studies are done before the procedure to eliminate the
possibility of bleeding from the site, as well as causing a hemothorax,
although these complications may still occur.
, B. PaCO2
A good estimate of alveolar ventilation is the patient's PaCO2 level. With good
alveolar ventilation, the patient is washing out the CO2. With ventilatory failure,
the PaCO2 increases. Remember:
alveolar ventilation=tidal vol - dead space x frequency
PaO2 reflects the oxygen in the blood, pH is the measure of acid/base of the
blood and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient is a measure of how much oxygen is
transported from the alveolus to the arterial blood. The other answers are
incorrect.
D. all of the above
When dealing with a young patient recovering from a critical illness, the nurse
should try to establish a normal pattern of care. Eating, sleeping and bathing all
are practices that should return to normal. Providing a quite, restful environment
as well as working with the patient's needs and desires and possible sleep
medication are all acceptable.
D. all of the above
Cardiac output, hemoglobin levels and oxygen saturation all contribute to the
amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues
Don't know?
2 of 200
Term
The criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome include:
A. hyperglycemia, hypertension, increased abdominal fat
B. low blood sugar, obesity, history of STEMI
C. low blood sugar, increased triglycerides, normal lipid panel
D. hyperglycemia, normal lipid panel, malnutrition
Give this one a try later!
, A. hyperglycemia, hypertension, increased abdominal fat
Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of medical disorders that, when
occurring together, increase the risk of developing diabetes and
cardiovascular disease, according to the 2005 NCEP update. This list of
disorders include: hypertension (BP> 130/85), high blood sugar (fasting
blood sugar>100), men with HDL less than 40, women with an HDL<50, high
triglycerides(>150), and men with an abdominal girth greater than 40 inches
and women with an abdominal girl greater than 30 inches.
A. alcohol withdrawal
The first signs of alcohol withdrawal are tachycardia, tremors, and agitation or
hallucinations. The primary etiology of acute pancreatitis in the U.S. is alcoholism.
Adverse reactions to medications may include tachycardia and possibly fine
tremors with some neuro-psychiatric medications, but do not generally include
agitation. ICU psychosis generally occurs two to three days after admission and
appears as a sudden change in level of consciousness and agitation, not fine
tremors. Generalized seizure activity begins with muscular tonic-clonic
contractions and loss of consciousness.
D. hyperkalemia
Initially, the patient has high serum potassium to the metabolic acidosis present
from the ketones. This acidosis pulls potassium from the cell, making the patient
hyperkalemic. As soon as insulin is given, however, potassium re-enters the cell
and the ketosis stops. The initial sodium level in DKA is normal, as is calcium.
A. pH
The pH is most important since it establishes whether the patient is
compensating. It also directs the action of the caregiver. If the pH is acidotic, that
may be an indication for intubation. If the pH is alkalotic, the patient may require
intubation or other means of support to improve oxygen delivery. Arterial
oxygenation may be assessed using the pulse oximetry. Venous oxygenation is a
good tool for the assessment of oxygen consumption, but not delivery. Arterial
bicarbonate is a way to measure metabolic characteristics.
Don't know?
3 of 200
, Term
A family-centered approach to patient care recognizes that families:
A. may be harmful to patient's recovery
B. should be allowed to visit the patient anytime
C. are team members in the patient's healing process
D. should be included in all decisions about patient care
Give this one a try later!
C. are team members in the patient's healing process
Family-centered care is a philosophy that includes families as team
members in the care of the patient. The patient remains the center of the
staff's efforts. Family involvement has been shown to be beneficial, not
harmful. Open visiting hours are common in the ICU; however, there may
be times that the patient needs privacy, quiet and rest. Family members do
not have to be included in all decisions if the patient is awake and able to
make decisions.
C. more than 50% for longer than 24-28 hrs
Oxygen toxicity does occur in adults and is related to the amount of FiO2 over
time. FiO2 at more than 50% for more than 24 hrs can cause toxicity. Toxicity is
seen as increasing atelectasis due to decreased surfactant production. Inspired
oxygen at levels less than 50% will not cause toxicity.
A. oxygen, nitroglycerin, loop diuretics, and morphine
The first line drugs of choice for acute pulmonary edema are oxygen, loop
diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix), nitroglycerin (preload reducer and
increased myocardial blood flow), and morphine (vasodilator to reduce preload,
decrease pain and anxiety; pain and anxiety increase the oxygen needs of the
myocardium). Thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are
not used as first line drugs in treatment of pulmonary edema.
