CSD 417 CHPT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Neurons - Answers Cells responsible for transmitting and processing information
Neuroglia - Answers Provide structural support and important background functions for neurons
Oligodendrocytes - Answers Produces myelin within the central nervous system
Astrocytes - Answers Partially establishes blood-brain barrier and forms glial scar to restrict
inflammation
Microglia - Answers Immunological cells
Schwann cells - Answers Produces myelin for the peripheral nervous system
Sensory Neurons - Answers Transmit afferent (sensory) information from body to brain
Motor Neurons - Answers Transmit efferent (motor) information from brain to body
Interneurons - Answers Involved in processing information in the brain, not transmitting it
Central nervous system (CNS) - Answers Brain and spinal cord, encased in bone
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answers Nerve tracts that connect the rest of the body to the CNS,
encased in soft tissue
Cerebrum - Answers Originating our highest/most complex cognitive functions, made up of ridges
(gyri) and valleys (sulci)
Cerebral cortex - Answers Surface tissue of the cerebrum
Dura mater - Answers Dense protective tissue layer
Arachnoid mater - Answers Contains vascular supply to surface of brain
Pia mater - Answers Most delicate, innermost meningeal layer
Cerebrospinal fluid system - Answers Is nutritive and helps protect brain from trauma
Cerebrospinal fluid - Answers Housed in ventricles within the brain, delivers nutrients, removes
waste, produced in the choroid plexus
White matter - Answers Axons of neurons covered in a white sheath of a protein and fatty substance
called myelin
Grey matter - Answers Unmyelinated neurons that process and regulate information in the CNS
Association fibers - Answers Connect different structures/areas within a single cerebral hemisphere
Commissural fibers - Answers Connect analogous areas between two cerebral hemispheres
Projection fibers - Answers Project from the brain to the spinal cord, transmit motor movements
from CNS to PNS and sensory signals from PNS to CNS
Longitudinal fissure - Answers Divides the brain into left and right halves
Corpus callosum - Answers Connects the right and left hemispheres through white matter
Right Cerebral Hemisphere - Answers Houses the ability to interpret nonlinguistic signals such as
facial expressions and body language
Broca's area - Answers Inferior-posterior region of frontal lobe responsible for finding words to
express meaning
Wernicke's area - Answers Posteriorly located along the superior marginal gyrus of temporal lobe,
interpreting meaning of spoken words
Aphasia - Answers Damage to Broca's area leading to Broca's aphasia where individuals know what
they want to say but cannot find the right words
Central sulci - Answers Runs down the middle lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere, dividing
the frontal lobes and parietal lobes
Lateral sulci - Answers Begins at lower front of each two cerebral hemispheres at an upwards angle
passing the central sulci, dividing temporal lobes from the frontal and parietal lobes
Visual association areas - Answers Processes and interprets visual information from visual cortex;
allows for visual perception; lesions may cause visual agnosia.
Subcortex - Answers Responsible for functions usually beneath the level of awareness; refines motor
plans; regulates heartbeat, breathing, arousal, and sleep/wake cycle; coordinates viscera and
digestive system.
Brainstem - Answers Connects the spinal cord to the brain.
Midbrain - Answers Houses substantia nigra.
Pons - Answers Attaches cerebellum to rest of CNS.
Medulla - Answers Many motor fibers cross/intersect here to the other side of the body; lesion within
the CNS above medulla often creates contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia; lesion along spinal cord
below medulla creates ipsilateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia.
Neurons - Answers Cells responsible for transmitting and processing information
Neuroglia - Answers Provide structural support and important background functions for neurons
Oligodendrocytes - Answers Produces myelin within the central nervous system
Astrocytes - Answers Partially establishes blood-brain barrier and forms glial scar to restrict
inflammation
Microglia - Answers Immunological cells
Schwann cells - Answers Produces myelin for the peripheral nervous system
Sensory Neurons - Answers Transmit afferent (sensory) information from body to brain
Motor Neurons - Answers Transmit efferent (motor) information from brain to body
Interneurons - Answers Involved in processing information in the brain, not transmitting it
Central nervous system (CNS) - Answers Brain and spinal cord, encased in bone
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - Answers Nerve tracts that connect the rest of the body to the CNS,
encased in soft tissue
Cerebrum - Answers Originating our highest/most complex cognitive functions, made up of ridges
(gyri) and valleys (sulci)
Cerebral cortex - Answers Surface tissue of the cerebrum
Dura mater - Answers Dense protective tissue layer
Arachnoid mater - Answers Contains vascular supply to surface of brain
Pia mater - Answers Most delicate, innermost meningeal layer
Cerebrospinal fluid system - Answers Is nutritive and helps protect brain from trauma
Cerebrospinal fluid - Answers Housed in ventricles within the brain, delivers nutrients, removes
waste, produced in the choroid plexus
White matter - Answers Axons of neurons covered in a white sheath of a protein and fatty substance
called myelin
Grey matter - Answers Unmyelinated neurons that process and regulate information in the CNS
Association fibers - Answers Connect different structures/areas within a single cerebral hemisphere
Commissural fibers - Answers Connect analogous areas between two cerebral hemispheres
Projection fibers - Answers Project from the brain to the spinal cord, transmit motor movements
from CNS to PNS and sensory signals from PNS to CNS
Longitudinal fissure - Answers Divides the brain into left and right halves
Corpus callosum - Answers Connects the right and left hemispheres through white matter
Right Cerebral Hemisphere - Answers Houses the ability to interpret nonlinguistic signals such as
facial expressions and body language
Broca's area - Answers Inferior-posterior region of frontal lobe responsible for finding words to
express meaning
Wernicke's area - Answers Posteriorly located along the superior marginal gyrus of temporal lobe,
interpreting meaning of spoken words
Aphasia - Answers Damage to Broca's area leading to Broca's aphasia where individuals know what
they want to say but cannot find the right words
Central sulci - Answers Runs down the middle lateral surface of each cerebral hemisphere, dividing
the frontal lobes and parietal lobes
Lateral sulci - Answers Begins at lower front of each two cerebral hemispheres at an upwards angle
passing the central sulci, dividing temporal lobes from the frontal and parietal lobes
Visual association areas - Answers Processes and interprets visual information from visual cortex;
allows for visual perception; lesions may cause visual agnosia.
Subcortex - Answers Responsible for functions usually beneath the level of awareness; refines motor
plans; regulates heartbeat, breathing, arousal, and sleep/wake cycle; coordinates viscera and
digestive system.
Brainstem - Answers Connects the spinal cord to the brain.
Midbrain - Answers Houses substantia nigra.
Pons - Answers Attaches cerebellum to rest of CNS.
Medulla - Answers Many motor fibers cross/intersect here to the other side of the body; lesion within
the CNS above medulla often creates contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia; lesion along spinal cord
below medulla creates ipsilateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia.
