SFL 160 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026

SFL 160 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Research suggests that divorce rates and marriages rates are both slightly decreasing in the United States. - Answers True Which of the following are major trends in marriages and families that has occurred since the 1950's and 1960's? - Answers There are more families headed by single women and more step families than in the 1950's. Families are smaller today than they were in the 1950's Women are more likely to work outside the home after marriage than in the 1950's Family - Answers A fundamental social group in society typically consisting of one or two parents and their children. A group of persons related by descent or marriage. Two or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption residing in the same housing unit Marriage - Answers the emotional and legal commitment of two people to share emotional and physical intimacy, various tasks, and economic resources. True or False. It can be argued that representations of extramarital affairs and marital conflict we receive from the media likely helps create a culture of divorce in the United States. - Answers True the three key goals of studying family processes - Answers Understand the complexities of family systems, Help unhealthy families and support healthy families, Understand the human life course True or False: family dynamics including divorce rates, cohabitation rates, and marriage rates from 50 years ago are very similar to divorce rates, cohabitation rates, and marriage rates today. - Answers False benefits of marriage - Answers happier than single or cohabiting people. more frequent and more emotionally satisfying sex than single people. accumulate more financial wealth. Centripetal interactions - Answers pull family members together and increase family closeness Qualitative Research - Answers research that relies on what is seen in field or naturalistic settings more than on statistical data Theory - Answers a best guess that is constantly changing and needs constant testing. consists of general principles that are composed of interrelated concepts Pure truth - Answers Spiritual Knowledge (ex. Revelation) Emerging Adulthood - Answers a new stage of development now exists between the ages of 18 and 25. case study - Answers an observation technique in which one person or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles construct - Answers a concept requiring a belief in something that cannot be seen or touched but that seems to exist. Ex Love Hypothesis - Answers presumed relationships between variables. True or False: In the Social Sciences, saying that there is a correlation between two variables is similar to saying there is causation between two variables. - Answers False conceptual framework - Answers Set of interconnected ideas, concepts, and assumptions research study - Answers designed to test one or more specific hypotheses mixed methods research - Answers uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an effort to build convincing claims about the relationships between attributes and outcomes Diluted truth - Answers Truth that comes from secular, scholarly, or expert sources explicit goals - Answers goals people are consciously aware of, can talk about, and describe. linked lives - Answers Lives in which the success, health, and well-being of each family member are connected to those of other members, including members of another generation, as in the relationship between parents and children. Life Course Theory implicit goals - Answers unconscious goals people may not realize they have. Not discussed openly. life transitions - Answers Periods in life where occupational participation, roles and expectations change significantly, as, for example, advancing from childhood to adolescence and adulthood, or changing from being single to being married, from employment to retirement, or from formal study to commencing a career, etc. Often linked to a succession of choice points. choice points - Answers Moments when you have to make a choice about whom you communicate with, what you say, what you don't say, how you phrase what you want to say, and so on Changing lives alter developmental trajectories. - Answers the central premise that ties the examples together, (and one of the central ideas of life course theory) how does life course theory perceive the impact of historical events? - Answers The life course of individuals is embedded in and shaped by the historical times and places they experience. permeable boundaries in the Family Systems Theory - Answers allow in a lot of information and have loose definitions of who is included as a family member synchronization - Answers describes the coordination of lives, usually on matters of timing 3 foundations of the Family Systems Theory - Answers Each individual in a family acts and is acted upon by all other members of the family, This series of connections between family members forms a "family system" of interconnected individuals, The whole is greater (and different) than the sum of its parts Historical forces - Answers shape the social trajectories of family, education, and work, and they in turn influence behavior and particular lines of development. Transitions - Answers makes up life trajectories and provides clues to developmental change Human development - Answers embedded in the life course and historical time. Social Construction Theory - Answers suggests that what we see as "real" is the result of human interaction When was symbolic interaction theory "born"? - Answers Around 1920 Imaginative Rehearsal - Answers Playing out in my mind what I am going to say before the conversation starts Habitualization - Answers when something happens so frequently in a given culture that this something has become normal and expected True or False: It is through Social Interaction that individuals apply broad shared symbols and actively create the specific meanings of self, others, and situations. - Answers True pragmatic actor - Answers assumes that we are "acting" out a part in our families. role - Answers a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. Ex Father, Brother, Bank Teller Shared meaning - Answers a common understanding with little confusion and few misinterpretations. Symbolic Interaction Theory. Can't be easily understood in a short time. Institutionalization - Answers When a culture structures their life around a widely held action or belief Mind according to Symbolic Interaction Theory - Answers Meaning and Consciousness Symbolic Interactionism - Answers a micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions social groups - Answers A collection of people who interact with each other and share similar characteristics and a sense of unity. Social Interaction - Answers a means by which individuals develop both a concept of self and their identities, enabling them to independently assess and assign value to their family activities. Symbol - Answers A thing that represents or stands for something else. First order Processes - Answers visible, noticeable, and apparent to anyone in and around the family; centered on patterns of daily living, solving daily problems, getting decisions made and keeping the daily business of the family strategies for managing rules in family life - Answers Adaptability Developmentally Appropriateness Rule Rigidity Disabling Rules open family paradigm - Answers Families with strong paradigms about open communication family paradigm - Answers The collective way a family views the world based on shared beliefs and values, a very consistent and stable feature of a family. Random Family Paradigm - Answers Families that have strong paradigms about the value of novelty and individuality implicit rules - Answers describe the way "things are." Carry more power Explicit Rules - Answers regulate behavior as a guideline closed family paradigm - Answers Families that have strong paradigms about tradition and honor to one's family Metarules - Answers rules about rules Rule sequences - Answers the implicit rule patterns families develop accommodation - Answers When families change or restructure their worldviews based on new information. Family Ritual - Answers A repeating family event that occurs in the same manner each time family routines - Answers instrumental communication, momentary time commitment, consistent, regular completion family rituals - Answers A repeated event that is typically done the same way each time. family identity, culture, and shared values Contention - Answers Instead of bringing family members closer together, the ritual is doing something else, in this case causing tension and conflict Dismemberment - Answers When rituals start to have the exact opposite effect that they are supposed to, and the family rituals start to push certain members of the family away Underritualization - Answers Having few or no rituals in the family Fragmentation - Answers Where rituals are re-invented every year or every time they are done Trivialization - Answers When families commercialize their ritual or rely more on cultural scripts instead of family symbols categories where routines and rituals differ - Answers Continuity, Commitment, Communication ways routines can impact child development - Answers Academic Skills, Language, Social Skills The three key aspects of healthy communication in families - Answers Meaning, Clarification, Congruence good tips to resolve a disagreement - Answers Call a time-out, Avoid giving ultimatums, Agree to disagree. Styles of conflict resolution - Answers Competitive, Collaborative, Compromise. Accommodating, Avoidance Pursuers - Answers want to create connected or enmeshed type of intimate relationships. the primary way or preventing or unbinding a double bind - Answers Metacommunication Decoding - Answers interpreting a person's covert and overt messages Continuous partial attention - Answers staying aware of everything but not focusing on any one thing (scanning not multitasking). has negative effect on intimate relationships. four horsemen of the apocalypse - Answers Criticism, Defensiveness, Contempt, Stonewalling common false beliefs about anger - Answers Anger is caused by others, The best way to deal with anger is to let it all out, You're a wimp if don't you get angry self-disclosure - Answers the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others Circular Causality Model - Answers both people deny responsibility for what has happened and for changing it and preventing it from happening again. . . . one person sends out a message, which causes a change in and response from the other person. That response causes a new response in the first person, and so on. . . . the communication usually escalates into conflict. Mixed Messages - Answers messages in which there is a discrepancy between the verbal and nonverbal components Nonverbal Communication - Answers communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech biggest difference between overt and covert messages - Answers Overt messages are spoken content; covert are non verbal the #1 Stressor for married couples - Answers His or her spouse ABC-X model of family stress - Answers Stressor+Resources+Perception = Degree of Stress. helpful from an intervention standpoint because it can identify points of intervention to help families Coping - Answers what we do when we identify something as potentially harmful or stressful. Perceptions - Answers often considered the keystone of the ABC-X Model Resiliency - Answers Families, or individuals, who benefit from stressful events Stress - Answers Derives from change (Family Systems Theory). the daily pressure we all encounter the #1 Stressor for dating couples - Answers His or her job types of abuse - Answers Physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, economic Adaptation - Answers the process through which families and individuals change their behaviors, thoughts, values, and tendencies in reaction to stress 5 more practical tips to managing money in families - Answers Do what works for you, Expect the unexpected, Pay an Honest Tithe and Fast Offering, Have short-term and long-term goals, Avoid consumer debt and pay off high interest debt as soon as possible.