1
AP Biology Final Exam Review-Actual
Exam Questions With Verified
Solutions 2026
emergent properties - correct-answer -new properties that emerge with each step
upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts
as complexity increases
negative feedback - correct-answer -a mechanism of response in which a stimulus
initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus
positive feedback - correct-answer -a physiological control mechanism in which a
change in a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
inductive reasoning - correct-answer -reasoning based on observed patterns
, 2
polymer - correct-answer -large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers
hydrolysis - correct-answer -a chemical process in which a compound is broken
down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water
enzyme - correct-answer -protein that acts as a biological catalyst
phospholipids - correct-answer -a molecule that is a constituent of the inner
bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar,
hydrophobic tail
cellular respiration - correct-answer -process that releases energy by breaking
down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
phosphorylation - correct-answer -the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from
ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other
molecules by phosphorylation
, 3
chemiosmosis - correct-answer -a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of
an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation - correct-answer -the process by which cells break down molecules
to release energy without using oxygen
gametes - correct-answer -reproductive cells, have only half the number of
chromosomes as body cells
meiosis - correct-answer -a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the
nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell - correct-answer -cell that makes up all of the body tissues and
organs, except gametes
crossing over - correct-answer -the interchange of sections between pairing
homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
, 4
transcription - correct-answer -process in which part of the nucleotide sequence
of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons - correct-answer -a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that
specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the
genetic code.
RNA splicing - correct-answer -process by which the introns are removed from
RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
mutations - correct-answer -random errors in gene replication that lead to a
change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
repetitive DNA - correct-answer -nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that
are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome.
transposons - correct-answer -small mobile DNA segments
AP Biology Final Exam Review-Actual
Exam Questions With Verified
Solutions 2026
emergent properties - correct-answer -new properties that emerge with each step
upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts
as complexity increases
negative feedback - correct-answer -a mechanism of response in which a stimulus
initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus
positive feedback - correct-answer -a physiological control mechanism in which a
change in a variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
inductive reasoning - correct-answer -reasoning based on observed patterns
, 2
polymer - correct-answer -large compound formed from combinations of many
monomers
hydrolysis - correct-answer -a chemical process in which a compound is broken
down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water
enzyme - correct-answer -protein that acts as a biological catalyst
phospholipids - correct-answer -a molecule that is a constituent of the inner
bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar,
hydrophobic tail
cellular respiration - correct-answer -process that releases energy by breaking
down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
phosphorylation - correct-answer -the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from
ATP, to a molecule. Nearly all cellular work depends on ATP energizing other
molecules by phosphorylation
, 3
chemiosmosis - correct-answer -a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of
an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme.
fermentation - correct-answer -the process by which cells break down molecules
to release energy without using oxygen
gametes - correct-answer -reproductive cells, have only half the number of
chromosomes as body cells
meiosis - correct-answer -a process in cell division during which the number of
chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the
nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
somatic cell - correct-answer -cell that makes up all of the body tissues and
organs, except gametes
crossing over - correct-answer -the interchange of sections between pairing
homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
, 4
transcription - correct-answer -process in which part of the nucleotide sequence
of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in mRNA
codons - correct-answer -a three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that
specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the
genetic code.
RNA splicing - correct-answer -process by which the introns are removed from
RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
mutations - correct-answer -random errors in gene replication that lead to a
change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
repetitive DNA - correct-answer -nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that
are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome.
transposons - correct-answer -small mobile DNA segments
