PORTAGE A&P II MODULE 3 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
Special senses - ANS vision, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium
sclera - ANS eye whites; posterior fibrous outer part of eye
cornea - ANS transparent fibrous outer layer of eye on the anterior side (clear dome)
aqueous humor - ANS fluid that fills the eye between the cornea and the lens
choroid - ANS dark posterior middle layer of the eye (deeper than sclera); prevents light
dispersal through the eye. Very vascular.
ciliary body - ANS ring of tissue surrounding the iris/lens that changes the shape of the lens
so it can focus; secretes aqueous humor
iris - ANS anterior to ciliary body; gives the eye its "color" and controls the amount of light
that enters the pupil
pupil - ANS hole in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, fibrous tunic - ANS outer layer of the eye
vascular tunic - ANS middle layer of the eye; choroid, ciliary body, iris
nervous tunic - ANS inner layer of the eye - retina
retina - ANS layer of tissue lining the inside of the eye, receives light and converts it to neural
signals; full of photoreceptors
photoreceptors - ANS special sensory cells that are sensitive to light
rods - ANS photoreceptors that detect black, white, and gray (intensity of light); more
numerous of the photoreceptors. more active in dim light- more sensitive but less clear
cones - ANS photoreceptors that detect color and operate in brightness. produce sharp color
image
lens - ANS part of eye that focuses an image on the retina; posterior to pupil and iris,
suspended by ciliary body
vitreous body - ANS the cavity between the retina and the back of the lens; posterior cavity
vitreous fluid (humor) - ANS gelatinous liquid that holds retina to choroid and holds lens in
suspension
optic nerve - ANS sensory nerve carrying neural impulses (image info) to the brain from the
eye
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
Special senses - ANS vision, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium
sclera - ANS eye whites; posterior fibrous outer part of eye
cornea - ANS transparent fibrous outer layer of eye on the anterior side (clear dome)
aqueous humor - ANS fluid that fills the eye between the cornea and the lens
choroid - ANS dark posterior middle layer of the eye (deeper than sclera); prevents light
dispersal through the eye. Very vascular.
ciliary body - ANS ring of tissue surrounding the iris/lens that changes the shape of the lens
so it can focus; secretes aqueous humor
iris - ANS anterior to ciliary body; gives the eye its "color" and controls the amount of light
that enters the pupil
pupil - ANS hole in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, fibrous tunic - ANS outer layer of the eye
vascular tunic - ANS middle layer of the eye; choroid, ciliary body, iris
nervous tunic - ANS inner layer of the eye - retina
retina - ANS layer of tissue lining the inside of the eye, receives light and converts it to neural
signals; full of photoreceptors
photoreceptors - ANS special sensory cells that are sensitive to light
rods - ANS photoreceptors that detect black, white, and gray (intensity of light); more
numerous of the photoreceptors. more active in dim light- more sensitive but less clear
cones - ANS photoreceptors that detect color and operate in brightness. produce sharp color
image
lens - ANS part of eye that focuses an image on the retina; posterior to pupil and iris,
suspended by ciliary body
vitreous body - ANS the cavity between the retina and the back of the lens; posterior cavity
vitreous fluid (humor) - ANS gelatinous liquid that holds retina to choroid and holds lens in
suspension
optic nerve - ANS sensory nerve carrying neural impulses (image info) to the brain from the
eye
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
