Lecture Exams
2026 update
1. What three elements are used in an autoclave to sterilize equipment?
heat, pressure, and steam
2. What is the minimum temperature an autoclave must be set at to achieve sterile condition?
125°C
3. If you are working in a lab in which an autoclave is not available, and you are pressed for time, which would you chose to
best sterilize your equipment? Hot steam or hot air? Explain why you chose your answer.
Hot steam is the best choice as you can achieve a sterile environment in a matter of minutes whereas hot air will
take several hours to achieve the same effect.
4. What type of incubator is pictured below?
Fixed incubator
,Answer d.the d.following d.questions.
1. At d.what d.temperature d.is d.the d.fixed d.incubator d.set d.to, d.as d.presented d.in d.the d.lab d.video?
37°C
2. At d.what d.temperature d.should d.you d.refrigerate d.bacterial d.samples? d.Explain d.why d.this d.is d.beneficial.
4°C. d.This d.temperature d.slows d.bacterial d.growth d.and d.prolongs d.the d.life d.of d.the d.sample.
3. What d.are d.the d.FOUR d.types d.of d.gloves d.presented d.in d.the d.lab d.video?
Latex, d.Nitrile, d.Thermal d.cold, d.Thermal d.heat
4. What d.THREE d.rules d.were d.discussed d.in d.regards d.to d.lab d.safety d.that d.would d.protect d.you d.and d.others d.from
d.contamination?
1. Never d.eat d.or d.drink d.in d.the d.lab
2. Always d.wear d.appropriate d.PPE
3. Never d.leave d.the d.lab d.wearing d.PPE
5. What d.are d.the d.main d.sections d.that d.should d.be d.found d.in d.a d.lab d.notebook? d.Name d.at d.least d.4.
Objective, d.Procedure, d.Notes, d.Results d.and d.Deviations
Answer d.the d.following d.questions.
1. You d.are d.a d.lab d.instructor d.and d.Paul d.Smith d.has d.turned d.in d.his d.lab d.notebook d.for d.you d.to d.grade d.the d.lab
d. experiment d.#2 d.on d.microscopy. d.Based d. upon d.what d.was d.covered d. in d.the d. lab d.video, d. how d.should d.Paul
d. have d. entitled d.his d. lab d. experiment?
PS02 d.Microscopy
2. You d.arrive d.to d.your d.first d.day d.of d.work d.at d.a d.new d.lab. d.You d.are d.taking d.over d.for d.someone d.who d.took d.a d.new d.job d.at
d. another d.lab. d.Your d.boss d.informs d.you d.that d. because d. of d.time d.restraints, d.this d.person d. did d.not d. exactly d.follow d.the
d. experimental d. protocol. d. In d. order d.to d.proceed, d.you d.must d.know d.what d.he d. did d.differently. d.(1) d.According d.to d.the d.lab
d. lecture, d.under d.what d.section d. of d.his d. notebook d.would d.you d.look d.to d.find d.the d. experimental d.steps? d.(2) d.As d.changes
d. to d.the d. experimental d.steps d. were d. made, d.what d. are d.these d.differences d.called d. and d. how d.should d.it d. appear d. in d.the
d. lab d.notebook?
, (1) Procedure—this d.is d.where d.the d.steps d.for d.the d.experimental d.protocol d.are d.recorded.
(2) Deviations. d.All d.deviations d.should d.be d.written d.in d.red d.to d.immediately d.bring d.attention d.to d.the d.changes d.in d.the
d.protocol.
Answer d.the d.following d.questions
1. Identify d.the d.part d.of d.the d.microscope d.indicated d.by d.the d.arrow.
Neck d.(or d.arm)
2. Identify d.the d.part d.of d.the d.microscope d.indicated d.by d.the d.arrow.
Stage
3. Identify d.the d.part d.of d.the d.microscope d.indicated d.by d.the d.arrow.
fine d.focus
2026 update
1. What three elements are used in an autoclave to sterilize equipment?
heat, pressure, and steam
2. What is the minimum temperature an autoclave must be set at to achieve sterile condition?
125°C
3. If you are working in a lab in which an autoclave is not available, and you are pressed for time, which would you chose to
best sterilize your equipment? Hot steam or hot air? Explain why you chose your answer.
Hot steam is the best choice as you can achieve a sterile environment in a matter of minutes whereas hot air will
take several hours to achieve the same effect.
4. What type of incubator is pictured below?
Fixed incubator
,Answer d.the d.following d.questions.
1. At d.what d.temperature d.is d.the d.fixed d.incubator d.set d.to, d.as d.presented d.in d.the d.lab d.video?
37°C
2. At d.what d.temperature d.should d.you d.refrigerate d.bacterial d.samples? d.Explain d.why d.this d.is d.beneficial.
4°C. d.This d.temperature d.slows d.bacterial d.growth d.and d.prolongs d.the d.life d.of d.the d.sample.
3. What d.are d.the d.FOUR d.types d.of d.gloves d.presented d.in d.the d.lab d.video?
Latex, d.Nitrile, d.Thermal d.cold, d.Thermal d.heat
4. What d.THREE d.rules d.were d.discussed d.in d.regards d.to d.lab d.safety d.that d.would d.protect d.you d.and d.others d.from
d.contamination?
1. Never d.eat d.or d.drink d.in d.the d.lab
2. Always d.wear d.appropriate d.PPE
3. Never d.leave d.the d.lab d.wearing d.PPE
5. What d.are d.the d.main d.sections d.that d.should d.be d.found d.in d.a d.lab d.notebook? d.Name d.at d.least d.4.
Objective, d.Procedure, d.Notes, d.Results d.and d.Deviations
Answer d.the d.following d.questions.
1. You d.are d.a d.lab d.instructor d.and d.Paul d.Smith d.has d.turned d.in d.his d.lab d.notebook d.for d.you d.to d.grade d.the d.lab
d. experiment d.#2 d.on d.microscopy. d.Based d. upon d.what d.was d.covered d. in d.the d. lab d.video, d. how d.should d.Paul
d. have d. entitled d.his d. lab d. experiment?
PS02 d.Microscopy
2. You d.arrive d.to d.your d.first d.day d.of d.work d.at d.a d.new d.lab. d.You d.are d.taking d.over d.for d.someone d.who d.took d.a d.new d.job d.at
d. another d.lab. d.Your d.boss d.informs d.you d.that d. because d. of d.time d.restraints, d.this d.person d. did d.not d. exactly d.follow d.the
d. experimental d. protocol. d. In d. order d.to d.proceed, d.you d.must d.know d.what d.he d. did d.differently. d.(1) d.According d.to d.the d.lab
d. lecture, d.under d.what d.section d. of d.his d. notebook d.would d.you d.look d.to d.find d.the d. experimental d.steps? d.(2) d.As d.changes
d. to d.the d. experimental d.steps d. were d. made, d.what d. are d.these d.differences d.called d. and d. how d.should d.it d. appear d. in d.the
d. lab d.notebook?
, (1) Procedure—this d.is d.where d.the d.steps d.for d.the d.experimental d.protocol d.are d.recorded.
(2) Deviations. d.All d.deviations d.should d.be d.written d.in d.red d.to d.immediately d.bring d.attention d.to d.the d.changes d.in d.the
d.protocol.
Answer d.the d.following d.questions
1. Identify d.the d.part d.of d.the d.microscope d.indicated d.by d.the d.arrow.
Neck d.(or d.arm)
2. Identify d.the d.part d.of d.the d.microscope d.indicated d.by d.the d.arrow.
Stage
3. Identify d.the d.part d.of d.the d.microscope d.indicated d.by d.the d.arrow.
fine d.focus
