APPLIED AUTHORITIES EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

APPLIED AUTHORITIES EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 seperation of powers, checks and balances, the bill of rights - Answers How does the Constitution limit the powers of the Government. 3 ways makes laws, passes laws called statutes, regulate trade - Answers Legislative branch does what? House of Representatives and Senate - Answers what two things is the Legislative branch composed of? U.S. Code - Answers Where are statues found? Code of Federal Regulations - Answers Where are regulations found? by title and section (subject matter) - Answers How are statues and regulations organized? President, enforces laws passed by Congress - Answers Executive Branch's role? Who? the courts, interpret the law and resolve disputes (Art. 3 created) - Answers role of Judicial Branch trial court - Answers court where parties involved in a legal dispute go to be heard by a judge or a jury Appellate court - Answers court to which a party to a legal dispute goes to challenge a decision that was made in a trial court US District Courts - Answers trial courts in the federal court system Specialized Courts - Answers trial courts that can handle legal disputed in certain highly technical areas of the law US Circuit Courts of Appeal - Answers are the appellate courts in the federal court system US Supreme Court - Answers highest appellate court in the Nation Administrative Courts - Answers courts that are part of Executive Branch and they decide cases involving civil statues and regulations enforced by particular agency State Courts - Answers separate from the Fed courts, neither above or below them in authority. Resolve disputes about state laws trial, appellate, and highest (Supreme) appellate court - Answers all states have what 3 courts Trial ( US District ) , Appellate ( Circuit of Appeals ) , US Supreme - Answers order of Federal court systems divided into offices - Answers how is the US Customs and Border Protection organized US Customs and Border Protection - Answers to prevent terrorists to enter the US is mission of who Constitution, Statutes, and Regulations - Answers sources of BPA Enforcement Authority 4th Amendment, prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures Policy - Answers limitations on BPA exercise of enforcement authority minimum - Answers the level of suspicion required for action is always the ______ level of suspicion to make the action constitutional zero suspicion, some suspicion, reasonable suspicion, probable cause, reasonable certainty, proof beyond reasonable doubt - Answers 6 levels of suspicion : in order ( labels on how sure you are ) some suspicion - Answers hunch or gut feeling NOT supported by articulable facts reasonable suspicion - Answers specific, articulable facts, reasonable agent to suspect person might be engaged in unlawful activity probable cause - Answers specific, articulable facts, reasonable agent to believe its more likely than not that person is engaged in unlawful activity ( can get warrant , deadly force standard ) Reasonable Certainty - Answers specific, articulable facts, reasonable agent to have firm belief that particular event occurred proof beyond a reasonable doubt - Answers so convincing that you would not hesitate to rely and act on it in making most important decision in own life articulable facts - Answers building blocks of suspicion, fact that is explainable either orally or in writing objective, good quality, viewed in light of training/experience, considered in totality - Answers 4 things articulable facts must be 1. government 2. interference 3. with a possessory right or interest - Answers 3 elements of seizure of object 1. government 2. interference 3. with persons freedom of movement (reasonable person would not feel free to leave) - Answers 3 elements of seizure of person Consensual encounter - Answers voluntary interaction between a person and the government where the person is free to leave at all times Exclusionary rule - Answers prohibits the government in using illegally obtained evidence in criminal cases zero or reasonable suspicion - Answers Temporary seizure can be based on what 2 levels of suspicion Probable cause - Answers Permanent seizures are based on what level of suspicion Immigration checkpoints, Border detentions, Vessel document checks, DUI/License checkpoints - Answers Temp. seizures with zero suspicion ( 4 ) investigative detention ( Terry Stop , Roving Patrol Stop) - Answers Temp. seizure with Reasonable suspicion Brief (due diligence) , Investigative, Inquiry (frisk if reasonable sus person is armed and dangerous) - Answers what is the scope of an investigative detention/terry stop/roving patrol stop ( 3 things ) 1. evidence 2. profits of crime used to commit crime 4. contraband 5. subject to forfeiture - Answers permanent seizure with PC, must believe that item is : ( 5 things ) when agents actions exceed the limits of a lawful brief investigative inquiry. - Answers difference between investigative detention (RS) and arrest (PC) 4th Amendment Seizure - Answers if agent physically applies any force to person/object, person yields to show of force, show of force caused person to stop Then it is considered a what? Necessary ( cannot carry out lawful duties without using force ) Reasonable ( valid reasons for using particular type/amount of force) - Answers use of force is objectively reasonable under 4th AMEND. when its both : Threat to agents, Severity of crime, Flight or Resistance to arrest - Answers Determining if force is reasonable courts will look at what? ( 3 things ) not be used to prevent escape fleeing suspect - Answers Deadly force may not be used solely to do what? DHS policy warning shots - Answers to signal a vessel to stop when conducting maritime law enforcement, signal aircraft to change course are only times when what can be used bill - Answers rough draft of a statue is what public law - Answers official version of a statue civil and criminal - Answers two types of statues regulation - Answers guidance on how to interpret statues Brief Investigative Inquiry vs. Arrest - Answers how far were they moved, how long detained, words used by agent, what they were told about detention, were Miranda Warnings read, was person searched is how courts determine between what two things Olmstead vs US - Answers search referred to as trespass to chattels, government interfered with someones property rights 1. government 2. intrudes into a 3. reasonable expectation of privacy (REP) - Answers search occurs anytime these three things occur (Katz) physical , visual , auditory - Answers three types of intrusion in search reasonable expectation of privacy - Answers person has subjective expectation of privacy, believes his conduct or location is private AND REP is objectively reasonable Body and clothing, dwelling and curtilage, buildings, containers, conveyances, private comms - Answers REP routinely found in following locations: Curtilage - Answers area immediately surrounding a dwelling. how close it is to dwelling, if area is enclosed, how area is used, steps taken to protect area Open field, Open view observation, Overheard Conversation, Abandoned Property - Answers areas where there is no REP ( 4 ) Open field - Answers used to describe an area where there is no REP from physical intrusion, reasonable to expect that people may enter the area. EX: open parking lot in mall Open view observation - Answers used to describe an area where there is no REP of privacy from visual intrusion. Reasonable for person to look into the area. Technology - Answers using __________ to obtain any info that could not otherwise have been obtained without physical intrusion into a constitutionally protected area will be a search physically enters in a vehicle or container, dog can only go where agent can go - Answers K9 is not a search unless what? Evidence of crime, contraband, used in committing crime, person to be arrested - Answers warrant may be issued to search and seize for any of the following ( 4 ) place, person, probable cause - Answers Affidavit must contain ______ to be searched, _____ to be searched or seized, and _______ ______ to support training and experience, credibility of confidential human source, information current - Answers judge looks at what to see if agent developed PC ( 3 ) 14 , daytime - Answers warrant must be served within _____ days and during the ______ (6am-10pm) items listed on warrant, seizure under the "plain view seizure" - Answers items that may be seized during execution of warrant warrantless arrest in public - Answers seizure to prevent person from escaping during time it would take to obtain warrant, located in public place Probable Cause - Answers for warrantless arrest in public, agent must have what level of suspicion? And believe person committed crime Plain view seizure - Answers to prevent seizable objects( evidence, tools used, proceeds of crime) from disappearing Probable Cause - Answers for Plain view seizure agent has lawful observation of object, access to object, and what kind of suspicion that object is immediately apparent Hot Pursuit Search - Answers following person into REP location to make an arrest, prevent fleeing felon from escaping Probable Cause to arrest for felony, PC to believe person entered REP location, continuous pursuit of person - Answers Requirements for Hot Pursuit : ( 3 ) Now or Never Search - Answers Entering REP location to seize an object, prevent evidence from being hidden or destroyed Probable Cause that seizable object is in location to be entered, danger of removal or destruction - Answers For now or never search agent must have what? ( 2 ) Emergency Search - Answers authority to enter REP to protect life or property from loss or destruction Probable cause that true emergency exists, quick action required to prevent loss of life or property - Answers Requirements for Emergency Search ( 2 ) Readily Mobile Conveyance - Answers authority for agents with probable cause to search a conveyance that could be driven away before a warrant could be obtained. Search incident to arrest; zero suspicion - Answers purpose is to determine if an arrestee has a weapon, evidence, or means of escape in possession (area in immediate control). Requires what suspicion? Given knowingly/voluntarily, person with authority over object/area, confined to the limits of consent - Answers Consent search with zero suspicion when person gives up REP, you may search any area where you are authorized. Requirements ( 3 ) whether consent was voluntary - Answers knowledge of right to refuse, mental capacity, clarity of consenting person, coercion or duress, bad faith threat are factors to determine what frisk - Answers limited search for the purpose of locating weapons and items that can be used as weapns armed and dangerous - Answers for a frisk must be REASONABLE SUSPICION that person is what two things Protective Sweep - Answers authority to perform a limited search of REP location for people who could pose a threat to agent. MUST HAVE REASONABLE SUSPICION Inventory Search - Answers A routine non-investigative search of property lawfully within government custody. ZERO SUSPICION Inventory Search - Answers protect agents from dangerous articles, secure valuable items, and protect against false claims are reasons ____ _____ is conducted zero suspicion - Answers how much suspicion needed to seize car at immigration checkpoint? vessel - Answers BPA has authority to conduct zero suspicion ______ document checks Exclusionary Rule - Answers governement may not use any unlawfully obtained evidence in a criminal trial. If you violate constit. rights evidence will be suppressed Exclusionary Rule - Answers inevitable discovery, independent source, good faith reliance on a defective warrant are exceptions to what Civil courts - Answers Exclusionary rule does not apply to what kind of courts Quasi-Criminal Case - Answers Case in which monetary penalty or forfeiture is sought for the commission of the criminal offense Fruit of the Poisonous Tree - Answers extends the exclusionary rule to cover evidence that comes