CPACC Exam Preparation-FINAL EXAM
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
BRAND NEW VERSION
Why is it important to understand the different models of disability?
Because in practice, organizations use aspects of multiple models.
What are the assumptions of the Medical Model?
1. Disability is a problem within the individual caused by health conditions.
2. Disability = biological limitations
What are the strengths of the Medical Model?
1. It addresses biological and medical needs.
2. It focuses on treatment.
What are the weaknesses of the Medical Model?
1. It ignores barriers in the society and environment.
2. It can promote pity and stigma.
3. This model has a strong influence on legislation. Because of that, strict medical
definitions can exclude people who need support.
What is the main assumption of the Economic Model?
Disability is defined by reduced ability to work and resulting economic impact (loss of
earnings, lower profit margins, etc.).
What are the strengths of the Economic Model?
1. It recognizes financial realities.
2. It may support policy development for accommodations.
What are the weaknesses of the Economic Model?
1. It reduces people to economic output.
2. It is stigmatizing and may label people as “needy” when they seek support.
3. Its limited definition of disability excludes people from help they need.
What are the assumptions of the Charity Model?
1. Disability makes people needy
2. Others must help disabled people through acts of kindness.
What is the strength of the Charity Model?
It can motivate altruistic action and short-term support.
What are the weaknesses of the Charity Model?
1. It is paternalistic and patronizing.
2. It reinforces dependence and pity.
,What are the assumptions of the Social Model?
1. Disability is caused by societal and environmental barriers.
2. Society creates disabling conditions.
3. A person does not "have" a disability – disability is something a person
experiences.
What are the strengths of the Social Model?
1. It shifts blame from the individual to society.
2. It promotes systemic change and inclusivity.
What are the weaknesses of the Social Model?
1. It overlooks the real physical/medical aspects of disability.
2. It minimizes that disability can be part of someone's identity.
3. Since it challenges how society is run, it can create real-world conflict and
resistance.
What is the main assumption of the Biopsychosocial Model?
Disability results from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social
factors.
What are the strengths of the Biopsychosocial Model?
1. It is integrative and holistic.
2. It supports personalized interventions and interdisciplinary approaches.
3. Can be used in situations related to rehabilitation.
What are the weaknesses of the Biopsychosocial Model?
1. It is complex and hard to implement;
2. It risks downplaying medical needs.
What is the main assumption of the Functional Solutions Model?
Disability is a functional limitation that can be solved with innovation or tools.
What are the strengths of the Functional Solutions Model?
1. It focuses on practical solutions, not politics or theory.
2. It supports assistive tech and accessibility services.
3. It emphasizes building accessible environments and getting things done.
What are the weaknesses of the Functional Solutions Model?
1. It may overlook broader social and political factors.
2. Too much focus on tech can miss bigger accessibility issues that involves policies,
etc.
What is the main assumption of the Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Model?
Disability is a source of identity and pride within a group.
What is the strength of the Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Model?
It accepts the person’s disability completely. It encourages pride, empowerment, and
solidarity within communities (e.g., Deaf culture).
What are the weaknesses of the Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Model?
1. A strong disability identity can stem from social exclusion. In other words,
experiencing exclusion from mainstream society can lead someone to develop a
stronger sense of identity as a person with a disability.
2. Can unintentionally exclude individuals who don’t fully align with the group’s
expectations — such as those with invisible disabilities, intersecting identities, or
different political views — making them feel like they don’t belong.
Name 7 disability categories
, 1. Visual: blindness, low vision, color blindness, deafblindness.
2. Auditory: partial hearing loss, deafness, deafblindness, Central Auditory Processing
Disorder
3. Mobility, flexibility, and body structure
4. Cognitive and intellectual disabilities: reading and dyslexia, math and
computation, ADHD.
5. Speech: stuttering, cluttering, apraxia, aphasia, dysarthria, speech sound disorders,
muteness/mutism.
6. Psychological/Psychiatric: anxiety and mood disorders, schizophrenia, etc.
7. Seizure disorders
What are adaptive strategies in the context of accessibility? Give examples.
Adaptive strategies are tweaks people with disabilities use to perform daily
activities, increasing their independence. They change how a person interacts with
their environment or technology to accomplish a task.
Examples:
- Moving closer to a speaker in an auditorium to hear better.
- Changing software settings to personalize how a website or document is presented.
Name 3 issues frequently experienced by people with low vision
1. Blurry vision: difficulties differentiating foreground from background colors.
2. Lack of peripheral vision
3. See spots.
Note: The term "low vision" is typically used to describe permanently reduced vision that
can't be corrected with regular glasses, contact lenses, medicine, or surgery. However,
the World Health Organization uses a broader definition on its statistics.
List 3 types of color blindness
1. Red-green (most common): Deuteranopia and Protanopia
2. Blue-yellow: Tritanopia
3. Grayscale: Achromatopsia
Why "deaf" isn't the same as "Deaf"?
The lowercase "deaf" term refers to the medical condition.
The uppercase usage of "Deaf" refers to Deaf Culture or Deaf Community (can be
associated with the Social Identity model)
Define mobility, flexibility and body structure disabilities
Mobility disabilities affect a person’s ability to move independently and
purposefully. People with mobility disabilities experience limitations with moving their
body or parts of their bodies.
What are some examples of mobility-related disabilities?
Mobility disabilities can include:
- Limb loss
- Limited coordination
- Difficulty with manual dexterity or walking
- Conditions affecting body size or shape.
Explain the differences between stuttering, cluttering, apraxia and aphasia.
1. Stuttering: Involuntary repetition, prolongation, or blocking of speech sounds.
2. Cluttering: Rapid speech that may be inconsistent in rhythm and lack syntax or
grammar.
STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
BRAND NEW VERSION
Why is it important to understand the different models of disability?
Because in practice, organizations use aspects of multiple models.
What are the assumptions of the Medical Model?
1. Disability is a problem within the individual caused by health conditions.
2. Disability = biological limitations
What are the strengths of the Medical Model?
1. It addresses biological and medical needs.
2. It focuses on treatment.
What are the weaknesses of the Medical Model?
1. It ignores barriers in the society and environment.
2. It can promote pity and stigma.
3. This model has a strong influence on legislation. Because of that, strict medical
definitions can exclude people who need support.
What is the main assumption of the Economic Model?
Disability is defined by reduced ability to work and resulting economic impact (loss of
earnings, lower profit margins, etc.).
What are the strengths of the Economic Model?
1. It recognizes financial realities.
2. It may support policy development for accommodations.
What are the weaknesses of the Economic Model?
1. It reduces people to economic output.
2. It is stigmatizing and may label people as “needy” when they seek support.
3. Its limited definition of disability excludes people from help they need.
What are the assumptions of the Charity Model?
1. Disability makes people needy
2. Others must help disabled people through acts of kindness.
What is the strength of the Charity Model?
It can motivate altruistic action and short-term support.
What are the weaknesses of the Charity Model?
1. It is paternalistic and patronizing.
2. It reinforces dependence and pity.
,What are the assumptions of the Social Model?
1. Disability is caused by societal and environmental barriers.
2. Society creates disabling conditions.
3. A person does not "have" a disability – disability is something a person
experiences.
What are the strengths of the Social Model?
1. It shifts blame from the individual to society.
2. It promotes systemic change and inclusivity.
What are the weaknesses of the Social Model?
1. It overlooks the real physical/medical aspects of disability.
2. It minimizes that disability can be part of someone's identity.
3. Since it challenges how society is run, it can create real-world conflict and
resistance.
What is the main assumption of the Biopsychosocial Model?
Disability results from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social
factors.
What are the strengths of the Biopsychosocial Model?
1. It is integrative and holistic.
2. It supports personalized interventions and interdisciplinary approaches.
3. Can be used in situations related to rehabilitation.
What are the weaknesses of the Biopsychosocial Model?
1. It is complex and hard to implement;
2. It risks downplaying medical needs.
What is the main assumption of the Functional Solutions Model?
Disability is a functional limitation that can be solved with innovation or tools.
What are the strengths of the Functional Solutions Model?
1. It focuses on practical solutions, not politics or theory.
2. It supports assistive tech and accessibility services.
3. It emphasizes building accessible environments and getting things done.
What are the weaknesses of the Functional Solutions Model?
1. It may overlook broader social and political factors.
2. Too much focus on tech can miss bigger accessibility issues that involves policies,
etc.
What is the main assumption of the Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Model?
Disability is a source of identity and pride within a group.
What is the strength of the Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Model?
It accepts the person’s disability completely. It encourages pride, empowerment, and
solidarity within communities (e.g., Deaf culture).
What are the weaknesses of the Social Identity / Cultural Affiliation Model?
1. A strong disability identity can stem from social exclusion. In other words,
experiencing exclusion from mainstream society can lead someone to develop a
stronger sense of identity as a person with a disability.
2. Can unintentionally exclude individuals who don’t fully align with the group’s
expectations — such as those with invisible disabilities, intersecting identities, or
different political views — making them feel like they don’t belong.
Name 7 disability categories
, 1. Visual: blindness, low vision, color blindness, deafblindness.
2. Auditory: partial hearing loss, deafness, deafblindness, Central Auditory Processing
Disorder
3. Mobility, flexibility, and body structure
4. Cognitive and intellectual disabilities: reading and dyslexia, math and
computation, ADHD.
5. Speech: stuttering, cluttering, apraxia, aphasia, dysarthria, speech sound disorders,
muteness/mutism.
6. Psychological/Psychiatric: anxiety and mood disorders, schizophrenia, etc.
7. Seizure disorders
What are adaptive strategies in the context of accessibility? Give examples.
Adaptive strategies are tweaks people with disabilities use to perform daily
activities, increasing their independence. They change how a person interacts with
their environment or technology to accomplish a task.
Examples:
- Moving closer to a speaker in an auditorium to hear better.
- Changing software settings to personalize how a website or document is presented.
Name 3 issues frequently experienced by people with low vision
1. Blurry vision: difficulties differentiating foreground from background colors.
2. Lack of peripheral vision
3. See spots.
Note: The term "low vision" is typically used to describe permanently reduced vision that
can't be corrected with regular glasses, contact lenses, medicine, or surgery. However,
the World Health Organization uses a broader definition on its statistics.
List 3 types of color blindness
1. Red-green (most common): Deuteranopia and Protanopia
2. Blue-yellow: Tritanopia
3. Grayscale: Achromatopsia
Why "deaf" isn't the same as "Deaf"?
The lowercase "deaf" term refers to the medical condition.
The uppercase usage of "Deaf" refers to Deaf Culture or Deaf Community (can be
associated with the Social Identity model)
Define mobility, flexibility and body structure disabilities
Mobility disabilities affect a person’s ability to move independently and
purposefully. People with mobility disabilities experience limitations with moving their
body or parts of their bodies.
What are some examples of mobility-related disabilities?
Mobility disabilities can include:
- Limb loss
- Limited coordination
- Difficulty with manual dexterity or walking
- Conditions affecting body size or shape.
Explain the differences between stuttering, cluttering, apraxia and aphasia.
1. Stuttering: Involuntary repetition, prolongation, or blocking of speech sounds.
2. Cluttering: Rapid speech that may be inconsistent in rhythm and lack syntax or
grammar.
