COMM 291 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
Categorícal data - ANS Observations can be put into bins so there are limited number of
possible values that the variable can take
Binary Data - ANS Type of categorical data
Only two posisbeo values
Eg. 0/1, yes/no, survive/die
Nominal data - ANS Type of categorical data
More than two categories that are unordered
Eg. ethnicity, marital status, BCOM major
Ordinal data - ANS Type of categorical data
More than two categories that are ordered
Eg. test grade (a,b,c,d,f), bronze/silver/gold
Quantitative Data - ANS Has measurement units but sometimes units are imaginary
Characterized by involvement of measuring process such as measuring instrument or
questionnaire
eg. Age, height, weight, salary, return or investment
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Quantitative variables can be created by _____ - ANS Summing up ordinal variables
Some variables can be quantitative in theory but ___ - ANS Categorical in practice
Some variables can be expressed as ____ - ANS More than one type of data
In general there is more information in ____ data than in ______ - ANS Quantitative,
categorical
Example of Identifier variable - ANS Student number, SIN
Example of String Variable - ANS Words, date, time
String and Identifier variables are ____ - ANS Not categorical or quantitative even though
they look like numbers because there are no units
Cross Sectional Data - ANS Data are collected at one point in time
Eg. Surveys
Time Series Data - ANS Data are collected longitudinally at various time points
Eg.sales records
Area principle - ANS A principle that helps to interpret statistical information by insisting that
in a statistical display each data value be represented by the same amount of area.
Relative frequency bar chart - ANS Shows a bar representing the (percentage) count of each
category in a categorical variable
Categorical data condition - ANS Stats or counts or percents of individuals in catageories
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
Categorícal data - ANS Observations can be put into bins so there are limited number of
possible values that the variable can take
Binary Data - ANS Type of categorical data
Only two posisbeo values
Eg. 0/1, yes/no, survive/die
Nominal data - ANS Type of categorical data
More than two categories that are unordered
Eg. ethnicity, marital status, BCOM major
Ordinal data - ANS Type of categorical data
More than two categories that are ordered
Eg. test grade (a,b,c,d,f), bronze/silver/gold
Quantitative Data - ANS Has measurement units but sometimes units are imaginary
Characterized by involvement of measuring process such as measuring instrument or
questionnaire
eg. Age, height, weight, salary, return or investment
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Quantitative variables can be created by _____ - ANS Summing up ordinal variables
Some variables can be quantitative in theory but ___ - ANS Categorical in practice
Some variables can be expressed as ____ - ANS More than one type of data
In general there is more information in ____ data than in ______ - ANS Quantitative,
categorical
Example of Identifier variable - ANS Student number, SIN
Example of String Variable - ANS Words, date, time
String and Identifier variables are ____ - ANS Not categorical or quantitative even though
they look like numbers because there are no units
Cross Sectional Data - ANS Data are collected at one point in time
Eg. Surveys
Time Series Data - ANS Data are collected longitudinally at various time points
Eg.sales records
Area principle - ANS A principle that helps to interpret statistical information by insisting that
in a statistical display each data value be represented by the same amount of area.
Relative frequency bar chart - ANS Shows a bar representing the (percentage) count of each
category in a categorical variable
Categorical data condition - ANS Stats or counts or percents of individuals in catageories
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
