RNSG 1533 Exam 2: Nutrition, Elimination,
Fluid & Electrolytes Final Exam 2026
Questions And Answers correctly
Arranged With Rationales And Graded A+
A patient who has sustained severe burns in a motor vehicle
accident is starting PN. Which principle would guide the nurse's
administration of PN?
A. Administration of PN requires clean technique
B. Central PN requires rapid dilution in a large volume of blood
C. Peripheral PN delivery is preferred over the use of a central line
D. Only water-soluble medications may be added to the PN by
the nurse - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-B. Central PN requires rapid dilution
in a large volume of blood
,Central PN is hypertonic and requires rapid dilution in a large
volume of blood. Because PN is an excellent medium for microbial
growth, aseptic technique is necessary during administration.
Administration through a central line is preferred over the use of
peripheral PN, and the nurse may not add any medications to PN.
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas lab report for a client
who has chronic renal failure. Which of the following is an
expected finding?
A. pH 7.25, HCO3 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg
B. pH 7.30, HCO3 26 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mm Hg
C. pH 7.50, HCO3 20 mEq/L, PaCO2 32 mm Hg
D. pH 7.55, HCO3 30 mEq/L, PaCO2 31 mm Hg - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-A. pH 7.25, HCO3 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg
The client with renal failure would be in metabolic acidosis (low
HCO3, low pH, and low or normal PaCO2. Normal lab values
include pH 7.35-7.45, HCO3 21-28 mEq/L, and PaCO2 35-45 mm
HG.
A nurse is admitting a 2-year-old client who has acute
gastroenteritis. Which of the. following should be the nurse's
initial action?
,A. Initiating isotonic fluids with 20mEq/L potassium chloride
B. Administering a promethazine suppository
C. Ensuring the toddler is voiding
D. Collecting a stool sample - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-C. Ensuring the
toddler is voiding
When a toddler has a diagnosis of gastroenteritis, the nurse
should collect a urine specimen prior to administering potassium.
The nurse should anticipate a decreased serum potassium level.
However, the nurse should also validate that the kidneys are able
to produce urine and excrete potassium. If kidney function is
altered, potassium will not be excreted and the toddler will
develop hyperkalemia. Administering potassium prior to
validating renal functioning can jeopardize the toddler's safety.
The nurse should begin IV fluids without the potassium. The
potassium should be added after the toddler's first void.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with SIADH
and has a sodium level of 123mEq/L. Which of the following
nursing actions should the nurse expect to implement?
A. Maintain an IV of 0.45% sodium Chloride
B. Restrict oral fluids to 800-1000 mL/day
, C. Ensure the client receives a 2g sodium diet
D. Administer desmopression acetate (DDAVP) 0.2mg orally -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-B. Restrict oral fluids to 800-1000 mL/day
Clients who have SIADH have an increased amount of antidiuretic
hormone, which results in excess fluid volume. This excess fluid
dilutes the sodium level in the blood, causing dilutional
hyponatremia. Oral fluids are restricted in an attempt to restore
the fluid balance and therefore the sodium level in the blood. This
dilutional hyponatremia does not occur only in clients who have
SIADH, but also can result in clients with excess fluid volume (e.g.,
heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome). In addition to
restricting oral fluids, increasing the sodium in the diet, and
administering hypertonic IV fluids can be helpful. Medications
such as tolvaptan (Samsca) or conivaptan (Vaprisol) may be useful
in promoting fluid excretion without excreting sodium. The use of
these medications is restricted to hospitalized clients because
close monitoring of sodium levels is required.
A nurse is teaching a client who has CKD about the process of
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Which of the
following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. CAPD filters the client's blood through an artificial device
called a dialyzer.
Fluid & Electrolytes Final Exam 2026
Questions And Answers correctly
Arranged With Rationales And Graded A+
A patient who has sustained severe burns in a motor vehicle
accident is starting PN. Which principle would guide the nurse's
administration of PN?
A. Administration of PN requires clean technique
B. Central PN requires rapid dilution in a large volume of blood
C. Peripheral PN delivery is preferred over the use of a central line
D. Only water-soluble medications may be added to the PN by
the nurse - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-B. Central PN requires rapid dilution
in a large volume of blood
,Central PN is hypertonic and requires rapid dilution in a large
volume of blood. Because PN is an excellent medium for microbial
growth, aseptic technique is necessary during administration.
Administration through a central line is preferred over the use of
peripheral PN, and the nurse may not add any medications to PN.
A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas lab report for a client
who has chronic renal failure. Which of the following is an
expected finding?
A. pH 7.25, HCO3 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg
B. pH 7.30, HCO3 26 mEq/L, PaCO2 50 mm Hg
C. pH 7.50, HCO3 20 mEq/L, PaCO2 32 mm Hg
D. pH 7.55, HCO3 30 mEq/L, PaCO2 31 mm Hg - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-A. pH 7.25, HCO3 19 mEq/L, PaCO2 30 mm Hg
The client with renal failure would be in metabolic acidosis (low
HCO3, low pH, and low or normal PaCO2. Normal lab values
include pH 7.35-7.45, HCO3 21-28 mEq/L, and PaCO2 35-45 mm
HG.
A nurse is admitting a 2-year-old client who has acute
gastroenteritis. Which of the. following should be the nurse's
initial action?
,A. Initiating isotonic fluids with 20mEq/L potassium chloride
B. Administering a promethazine suppository
C. Ensuring the toddler is voiding
D. Collecting a stool sample - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-C. Ensuring the
toddler is voiding
When a toddler has a diagnosis of gastroenteritis, the nurse
should collect a urine specimen prior to administering potassium.
The nurse should anticipate a decreased serum potassium level.
However, the nurse should also validate that the kidneys are able
to produce urine and excrete potassium. If kidney function is
altered, potassium will not be excreted and the toddler will
develop hyperkalemia. Administering potassium prior to
validating renal functioning can jeopardize the toddler's safety.
The nurse should begin IV fluids without the potassium. The
potassium should be added after the toddler's first void.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with SIADH
and has a sodium level of 123mEq/L. Which of the following
nursing actions should the nurse expect to implement?
A. Maintain an IV of 0.45% sodium Chloride
B. Restrict oral fluids to 800-1000 mL/day
, C. Ensure the client receives a 2g sodium diet
D. Administer desmopression acetate (DDAVP) 0.2mg orally -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-B. Restrict oral fluids to 800-1000 mL/day
Clients who have SIADH have an increased amount of antidiuretic
hormone, which results in excess fluid volume. This excess fluid
dilutes the sodium level in the blood, causing dilutional
hyponatremia. Oral fluids are restricted in an attempt to restore
the fluid balance and therefore the sodium level in the blood. This
dilutional hyponatremia does not occur only in clients who have
SIADH, but also can result in clients with excess fluid volume (e.g.,
heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome). In addition to
restricting oral fluids, increasing the sodium in the diet, and
administering hypertonic IV fluids can be helpful. Medications
such as tolvaptan (Samsca) or conivaptan (Vaprisol) may be useful
in promoting fluid excretion without excreting sodium. The use of
these medications is restricted to hospitalized clients because
close monitoring of sodium levels is required.
A nurse is teaching a client who has CKD about the process of
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Which of the
following should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. CAPD filters the client's blood through an artificial device
called a dialyzer.
