PHIL 102 Midterm| Questions and answers | Updated RATED A+ 2026

PHIL 102 Midterm| Ques ons and answers | Updated
RATED A+ 2026

sufficient condi on

A condi on (A) such that when A happens, you know that another condi on (B) is present also

necessary condi on

A condi on (B) such that in order for another condi on (A) to happen, B must be present

condi onal claim

an if-then claim

A --> B

How a condi onal claim (if-then claim) is symbolically wri en

antecedent

The 'if A' part

consequent

The 'if B' part

necessary

The B is the ______ condi on

consequent

The necessary condi on (B) is situated in the ______

necessary

The ______ condi on is situated in the consequent

modus ponens

A --> B
A
------
B

, modus tollens

A --> B
~B
------
~A

denying the antecedent

A --> B
~A
------
~B

affirming the consequent

A --> B
B
------
A

denying the antecedent & affirming the consequent

The two invalid arguments are:

hypothe cal syllogism

A --> B
B --> C
----------
A --> C

disjunc ve syllogism

AvB
~A
------
B

disjunc ve syllogism

AvB
~B
------
A