Certified Lactation Counselor Exam
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
Predominant Breastfeeding - Answer Babies who receive breastmilk and other liquids (e.g.
water, minerals, vitamins, oral meds).
Breastfeeding - Answer Baby receives human milk, as well as other foods or fluids, including
formula.
Complementary Feeding - Answer Process starts when BM alone or infant formula alone is
no longer sufficient to meet nutritional requirements of infants, therefore other foods or liquids
are introduced. Typically child is between 6-23 months
3 strategies for increasing BF initiation and duration - Answer Promotion, Protection,
Support
Promotion - Answer Focuses on advantages of BF on a personal, community, country, or
global level. BF to the community.
Protection - Answer Focuses on government, manufacturer, and social responsibility to
assure BF ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws regarding BF.
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Subsitutes - Answer Addresses improper
marketing practices by formula companies. It is not currently a law in the US.
What does the International Code Prohibit? - Answer Distributing free formula
Giving coupons for formula
What did the AAP resolution state in regards to the International Code? - Answer No
distributing formula, discharge bags, industry written handouts.
Support - Answer Focuses on interaction of helpers with family, as well as program
development and implementation.
10 steps to successful BF - Answer 1. Written BF policy. Skin to Skin immediately after birth.
2. Train healthcare staff
,3. Inform pregnant women about benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and maintain lactation
6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Establishment of BF support groups
Healthcare staff responsibility for working with lactating mothers include what? - Answer 1.
Training
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
3. 3 hours of competency verification
What are the indications for providing supplementation other than breast milk? - Answer 1.
Medical condition
2. Parents request after being informed of consequences
Protocol for calculating Baby's daily needs - Answer Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if Baby
needs to catch up weight) = daily ounces. PCP decides what the multiplier is!!!
What should be assessed 3-5 days after birth by PCP? - Answer Hydration (elimination
patterns)
Body weight (no more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
What is a CLC? - Answer Nationally recognized designation awarded by the ALPP. Practice
parameters are designated by professional scope of practice.
How many stools per day should a breast fed newborn have? - Answer 4, some yellow by day
4.
When should a baby be back to birth weight? - Answer 12-14 days post birth
How much weight should a baby gain daily? - Answer Approximately 1 ounce
,Why do women supplement with formula when there is no medical need? - Answer 1. Lack
of preparation for what the newborn period would be like.
2. Lack of timely interventions
Alveoli - Answer Small glands in the breast that produce milk
At-Breast Supplementer - Answer a device that allows a supplement to be given while a baby
is actively nursing at the breast,
ex: Supplement Nursing System
Atopy - Answer hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - Answer Initiative by UNICEF and WHO
(1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The 10 Steps".
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online:
http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/baby.htm.
Bilirubin - Answer an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of
hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
CCK (cholecystokinin) - Answer Hormone that regulates the emptying of the gallbladder and
secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
Colostrum - Answer Thick, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during
the first days after birth before lactation begins. Causes a laxative effect which helps the baby
pass meconium.
Coryllos type - Answer Classification system for anklyloglossia (tongue-tie)
Dancer Hand Position - Answer Technique used to support Baby's chin and mother's breast.
Use Thumb and index finger under chin, remaining 3 fingers to support breast.
Alveolar Cells - Answer found in the walls of the alveoli, simple squamous epithelial cells,
main sites of gas exchange
myoepithelial cells - Answer contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous
system and squeeze milk up the duct
, Montgomery glands - Answer Bumps on breasts (Look like goosebumps)
Produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil)
Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals what? - Answer -Fat is mixed throughout
the breast
-Uneven spacing of the ducts
-3-5 functioning nipple pores (May have 5-9, but not all work)
-No lactiferous sinus
What are the 2 hormones pathways that control lactation? - Answer Prolactin and Oxytocin
Prolactin (4 details related to milk production) - Answer 1. is triggered by touch (pregnant
and non pregnant women). Higher levels when stimulating breast/nipples vs breast alone.
2. Lengthening time between feeding leads to lower baseline levels. (Weaning)
3. levels go down between nursings and rise during nursing.
4. Infrequent nursing leads to lowering of this hormone
Average number of feeds in a day? - Answer 8-12
What produces colostrum? - Answer Progesterone in the receptor sites
What produces more mature milk? - Answer Prolactin in the receptor sites
What happened when infants suckled in the first 2 hours of birth? - Answer Ingested
significantly more milk on day 4
What happened to mother of preemies who initiated milk expression within 1 hour of birth? -
Answer Had significantly more milk when measured on days 7 and 42. Better to stimulate
breasts throughout the day right after birth to continue to stimulate production.
Oxytocin - Answer A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine
contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
What 3 things can trigger Oxytocin? - Answer 1. Conditioned response
2. Nipple stretching
3. Hand massage
Questions with Guaranteed Pass
Solutions.
Predominant Breastfeeding - Answer Babies who receive breastmilk and other liquids (e.g.
water, minerals, vitamins, oral meds).
Breastfeeding - Answer Baby receives human milk, as well as other foods or fluids, including
formula.
Complementary Feeding - Answer Process starts when BM alone or infant formula alone is
no longer sufficient to meet nutritional requirements of infants, therefore other foods or liquids
are introduced. Typically child is between 6-23 months
3 strategies for increasing BF initiation and duration - Answer Promotion, Protection,
Support
Promotion - Answer Focuses on advantages of BF on a personal, community, country, or
global level. BF to the community.
Protection - Answer Focuses on government, manufacturer, and social responsibility to
assure BF ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws regarding BF.
International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Subsitutes - Answer Addresses improper
marketing practices by formula companies. It is not currently a law in the US.
What does the International Code Prohibit? - Answer Distributing free formula
Giving coupons for formula
What did the AAP resolution state in regards to the International Code? - Answer No
distributing formula, discharge bags, industry written handouts.
Support - Answer Focuses on interaction of helpers with family, as well as program
development and implementation.
10 steps to successful BF - Answer 1. Written BF policy. Skin to Skin immediately after birth.
2. Train healthcare staff
,3. Inform pregnant women about benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and maintain lactation
6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Establishment of BF support groups
Healthcare staff responsibility for working with lactating mothers include what? - Answer 1.
Training
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
3. 3 hours of competency verification
What are the indications for providing supplementation other than breast milk? - Answer 1.
Medical condition
2. Parents request after being informed of consequences
Protocol for calculating Baby's daily needs - Answer Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if Baby
needs to catch up weight) = daily ounces. PCP decides what the multiplier is!!!
What should be assessed 3-5 days after birth by PCP? - Answer Hydration (elimination
patterns)
Body weight (no more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
What is a CLC? - Answer Nationally recognized designation awarded by the ALPP. Practice
parameters are designated by professional scope of practice.
How many stools per day should a breast fed newborn have? - Answer 4, some yellow by day
4.
When should a baby be back to birth weight? - Answer 12-14 days post birth
How much weight should a baby gain daily? - Answer Approximately 1 ounce
,Why do women supplement with formula when there is no medical need? - Answer 1. Lack
of preparation for what the newborn period would be like.
2. Lack of timely interventions
Alveoli - Answer Small glands in the breast that produce milk
At-Breast Supplementer - Answer a device that allows a supplement to be given while a baby
is actively nursing at the breast,
ex: Supplement Nursing System
Atopy - Answer hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition
What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - Answer Initiative by UNICEF and WHO
(1991) to support breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The 10 Steps".
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available online:
http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/baby.htm.
Bilirubin - Answer an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of
hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
CCK (cholecystokinin) - Answer Hormone that regulates the emptying of the gallbladder and
secretion of enzymes by the pancreas.
Colostrum - Answer Thick, milky fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and during
the first days after birth before lactation begins. Causes a laxative effect which helps the baby
pass meconium.
Coryllos type - Answer Classification system for anklyloglossia (tongue-tie)
Dancer Hand Position - Answer Technique used to support Baby's chin and mother's breast.
Use Thumb and index finger under chin, remaining 3 fingers to support breast.
Alveolar Cells - Answer found in the walls of the alveoli, simple squamous epithelial cells,
main sites of gas exchange
myoepithelial cells - Answer contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic nervous
system and squeeze milk up the duct
, Montgomery glands - Answer Bumps on breasts (Look like goosebumps)
Produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil)
Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals what? - Answer -Fat is mixed throughout
the breast
-Uneven spacing of the ducts
-3-5 functioning nipple pores (May have 5-9, but not all work)
-No lactiferous sinus
What are the 2 hormones pathways that control lactation? - Answer Prolactin and Oxytocin
Prolactin (4 details related to milk production) - Answer 1. is triggered by touch (pregnant
and non pregnant women). Higher levels when stimulating breast/nipples vs breast alone.
2. Lengthening time between feeding leads to lower baseline levels. (Weaning)
3. levels go down between nursings and rise during nursing.
4. Infrequent nursing leads to lowering of this hormone
Average number of feeds in a day? - Answer 8-12
What produces colostrum? - Answer Progesterone in the receptor sites
What produces more mature milk? - Answer Prolactin in the receptor sites
What happened when infants suckled in the first 2 hours of birth? - Answer Ingested
significantly more milk on day 4
What happened to mother of preemies who initiated milk expression within 1 hour of birth? -
Answer Had significantly more milk when measured on days 7 and 42. Better to stimulate
breasts throughout the day right after birth to continue to stimulate production.
Oxytocin - Answer A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine
contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
What 3 things can trigger Oxytocin? - Answer 1. Conditioned response
2. Nipple stretching
3. Hand massage
