Professor approved ATI TEAS EXAM SCIENCE Review questions and answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell? ️️ It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell while maintaining homeostasis Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells? ️️ The mitochondrion is responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration What is the basic unit of heredity in living organisms? ️️ A gene is the basic unit of heredity carrying genetic information What type of tissue connects muscles to bones? ️️ Tendons, composed of dense connective tissue, connect muscles to bones What is the role of hemoglobin in blood? ️️ Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues Which process allows water to move across a selectively permeable membrane? ️️ Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane What is the main function of the small intestine? ️️ It absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream Which blood cells are responsible for immune defense? ️️ White blood cells (leukocytes) defend the body against pathogens What is the pH of a neutral solution? ️️ A neutral solution has a pH of 7 What is the function of ribosomes in a cell? ️️ Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA What is the process by which plants make food using sunlight? ️️ Photosynthesis is the process plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy What is the main function of DNA? ️️ DNA stores and transmits genetic information 2 What is homeostasis? ️️ Homeostasis is the maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism Which organ system is responsible for transporting blood? ️️ The cardiovascular system transports blood throughout the body What is diffusion? ️️ Diffusion is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration What is the role of enzymes? ️️ Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions What is the largest organ in the human body? ️️ The skin is the largest organ of the human body What is the function of the kidneys? ️️ The kidneys filter blood and produce urine What is the main component of cell membranes? ️️ Phospholipids form the main structure of cell membranes What is the role of the nucleus? ️️ The nucleus controls cell activities and contains DNA What is an ecosystem? ️️ An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their environment What is Newton’s First Law of Motion? ️️ An object remains at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force What is the function of alveoli in the lungs? ️️ Alveoli are responsible for gas exchange between air and blood What is an antibody? ️️ An antibody is a protein that binds to and neutralizes antigens What is mitosis? ️️ Mitosis is cell division producing two identical daughter cells What is meiosis? ️️ Meiosis is cell division that produces gametes with half the chromosome number What is the function of the skeletal system? ️️ The skeletal system supports the body and protects vital organs 3 What is an element in chemistry? ️️ An element is a substance made of only one type of atom What is the role of chlorophyll? ️️ Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis What is a catalyst? ️️ A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed What is the function of red blood cells? ️️ Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body What is an ionic bond? ️️ An ionic bond forms through the transfer of electrons between atoms What is the function of the hypothalamus? ️️ The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, and hormones What is the scientific method? ️️ The scientific method is a systematic process of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion What is velocity? ️️ Velocity is speed in a given direction What is acceleration? ️️ Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity What is the role of the pancreas? ️️ The pancreas produces insulin and digestive enzymes What is a hypothesis? ️️ A hypothesis is a testable prediction based on observation What is the function of the large intestine? ️️ It absorbs water and forms feces What is a virus? ️️ A virus is a non-cellular infectious agent that requires a host to reproduce What is the function of DNA polymerase? ️️ DNA polymerase helps replicate DNA strands 4 What is an allele? ️️ An allele is a variant form of a gene What is the role of ATP in cells? ️️ ATP provides energy for cellular processes What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion? ️️ Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma) What is the function of the cerebellum? ️️ The cerebellum controls balance and coordination What is a chemical reaction? ️️ A chemical reaction is a process that transforms substances into new ones What is a solution in chemistry? ️️ A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent