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HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL EXAM NEWEST
2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+
The predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with
an antigen (primary immune response)
......ANSWER......immunoglobulin M
Generally lasts longer than passive immunity. ......ANSWER......active
immunity
Abnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________
are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to
self-antigens. ......ANSWER......tumor markers
Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and
T cell function. ......ANSWER......adaptive immune
A fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity?
......ANSWER......naturally acquired passive immunity
pg. 1
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Vaccinations provide what type of immunity? ......ANSWER......Artificially
acquired active immunity
Hypersensitivity of the immune system to an environmental antigen
......ANSWER......allergy
Adaptive immunity is also known as? ......ANSWER......specific immunity
A powerful poison that acts directly and quickly to kill any cell it attacks.
......ANSWER......lymphotoxin
18. The amount of antibodies in a person's blood in response to
exposure to a pathogen ......ANSWER......Antibody titer
The most abundant circulating antibody
......ANSWER......Immunoglobuin G
The specific cells that secrete antibodies ......ANSWER......Plasma cells
T cells are sensitized by? ......ANSWER......Presentation of an antigen by
an APC
Major structures and frame work of the body that helps give shape?
......ANSWER......Bones (skeletal system)
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What holds bones together? ......ANSWER......Ligaments
Another function of the skeletal system? ......ANSWER......Protection of
the internal organs
Muscles act on bones, using them as levers to create ?
......ANSWER......Movement
Bones act as a ________ for certain minerals, such as calcium and
phosphorus. ......ANSWER......reservoir
Calcium levels in blood are regulated by? ......ANSWER......Hormones,
which stimulate deposition or absorption from the bone matrix.
Bone is also the site of __________________, or formation of blood
cells. ......ANSWER......Hematopoiesis
femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsals, metacarpals,
phalanges ......ANSWER......Long Bones
carpal bones, tarsal bones, talus ......ANSWER......Short Bones
Parietal, Occipital, Sternum, Frontal ......ANSWER......Flat bones
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bones of the vertebrae, facial bones, and sphenoid bone
......ANSWER......irregular bones
patella, grow inside tendons to help them stay on track
......ANSWER......sesamoid bones
Hollow cylinder with thick compact bone, shaft of bone
......ANSWER......Diaphysis
Ends of bone, made of spongy bone ......ANSWER......Epiphysis
Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces
......ANSWER......Articular cartilage
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones
......ANSWER......Periosteum
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
......ANSWER......Medullary cavity
Thin fibrous membrane that lines internal spaces
......ANSWER......Endosteum
pg. 4
HONDROS BIO 254 FINAL EXAM NEWEST
2026/2027 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+
The predominant class of antibody produced after initial contact with
an antigen (primary immune response)
......ANSWER......immunoglobulin M
Generally lasts longer than passive immunity. ......ANSWER......active
immunity
Abnormal antigens or ______________________ _________________
are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in addition to
self-antigens. ......ANSWER......tumor markers
Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and
T cell function. ......ANSWER......adaptive immune
A fetus receives protection from the mother through what immunity?
......ANSWER......naturally acquired passive immunity
pg. 1
,2|Page
Vaccinations provide what type of immunity? ......ANSWER......Artificially
acquired active immunity
Hypersensitivity of the immune system to an environmental antigen
......ANSWER......allergy
Adaptive immunity is also known as? ......ANSWER......specific immunity
A powerful poison that acts directly and quickly to kill any cell it attacks.
......ANSWER......lymphotoxin
18. The amount of antibodies in a person's blood in response to
exposure to a pathogen ......ANSWER......Antibody titer
The most abundant circulating antibody
......ANSWER......Immunoglobuin G
The specific cells that secrete antibodies ......ANSWER......Plasma cells
T cells are sensitized by? ......ANSWER......Presentation of an antigen by
an APC
Major structures and frame work of the body that helps give shape?
......ANSWER......Bones (skeletal system)
pg. 2
,3|Page
What holds bones together? ......ANSWER......Ligaments
Another function of the skeletal system? ......ANSWER......Protection of
the internal organs
Muscles act on bones, using them as levers to create ?
......ANSWER......Movement
Bones act as a ________ for certain minerals, such as calcium and
phosphorus. ......ANSWER......reservoir
Calcium levels in blood are regulated by? ......ANSWER......Hormones,
which stimulate deposition or absorption from the bone matrix.
Bone is also the site of __________________, or formation of blood
cells. ......ANSWER......Hematopoiesis
femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metatarsals, metacarpals,
phalanges ......ANSWER......Long Bones
carpal bones, tarsal bones, talus ......ANSWER......Short Bones
Parietal, Occipital, Sternum, Frontal ......ANSWER......Flat bones
pg. 3
, 4|Page
bones of the vertebrae, facial bones, and sphenoid bone
......ANSWER......irregular bones
patella, grow inside tendons to help them stay on track
......ANSWER......sesamoid bones
Hollow cylinder with thick compact bone, shaft of bone
......ANSWER......Diaphysis
Ends of bone, made of spongy bone ......ANSWER......Epiphysis
Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces
......ANSWER......Articular cartilage
A dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones
......ANSWER......Periosteum
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
......ANSWER......Medullary cavity
Thin fibrous membrane that lines internal spaces
......ANSWER......Endosteum
pg. 4
