MCB3023 FINAL EXAM 2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(100%
ACCURATE
The electron transport chain: - ANSWER-series of electron carrier proteins that
shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
Eukaryotes have ________ in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to
strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have
similar molecules, known as ________, in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a
similar role. - ANSWER-sterols / hopanoids
A patient walks into your clinic with a sore that appears to be primary syphilis. What
type of microscope will be used to confirm your diagnosis? - ANSWER-Darkfield
An endotoxin is: - ANSWER-indicative of gram-negative organisms. toxic portion of
LPS
Compared to Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea have ________ surface-to-volume
ratios, causing ________ nutrient exchange and growth rates. - ANSWER-higher/
higher
You have discovered a new microorganism, but you want to know if it is a eukaryote
or a prokaryote. To investigate this question you prepare a slide with a simple stain
and view it with a light microscope with a 40X objective lens and 10X ocular lens.
You also prepare a control slide using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a unicellular
eukaryote). You can see the cells on your control slide, but you don't see cells when
you look at your unknown microorganism. What can you conclude from this
experiment? - ANSWER-cells of the new unknown microorg may be too small to see
with objective and ocular
Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella,
and Escherichia (Gram negative organisms) are due to the presence of: - ANSWER-
LPS
Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize the layers of
the cell membrane and the cell wall? - ANSWER-transmission electron
Which statement about the relationship between microbes and humans is FALSE? -
ANSWER-most microbes are pathogenic
Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions, especially heat, in part because of
the presence of: - ANSWER-dipicolinic acid
All of the following are non-protein electron carriers EXCEPT: - ANSWER-
cytochromes
, A chemoorganotroph and a chemolithotroph in the same environment would NOT
compete for: - ANSWER-carbon
Why is it important to use cultivation-independent methods to help understand
microbial diversity? - ANSWER-allows researchers to ID species that can't be grown
in cultures
The LPS consists of multiple parts. List the parts in order starting from attachment to
the outer membrane of the bacterial cell. - ANSWER-lipid A, core proteins, O-antigen
Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during _____. -
ANSWER-citric acid cycle
Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? - ANSWER-
lipoteichoic acid
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of: - ANSWER-louise
pasteur
During electron transport reactions, - ANSWER-OH- accumulates on the inside of
the membrane while H+ accumulates on the outside
________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________
charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface. - ANSWER-teichoic acids/
negative
Peptidoglycan is made of which two polymers? - ANSWER-N-acetylglucosamine and
N-acetylmuramic acid (sugars and amino acids)
You are given an electron micrograph of a bacterial cell. In the micrograph you can
clearly see three thin layers of different densities surrounding the cell. Based on the
micrograph, you can infer that this cell is ________ and would appear ________
after application of the Gram stain procedure. - ANSWER-gram negative/ pink
Fermentation has a relatively low ATP yield compared to aerobic respiration because
- ANSWER-oxydative-phosphorylation uses lots of atp
The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester
linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages. -
ANSWER-eukarya/archaea
Microbes that live at high temperatures in hot springs are ________. - ANSWER-
Extremophiles
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is: - ANSWER-2
Which element functions BOTH as an enzyme cofactor and as a stabilizer of
ribosomes and nucleic acids? - ANSWER-magnesium
A catalyst: - ANSWER-substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(100%
ACCURATE
The electron transport chain: - ANSWER-series of electron carrier proteins that
shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
Eukaryotes have ________ in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to
strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have
similar molecules, known as ________, in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a
similar role. - ANSWER-sterols / hopanoids
A patient walks into your clinic with a sore that appears to be primary syphilis. What
type of microscope will be used to confirm your diagnosis? - ANSWER-Darkfield
An endotoxin is: - ANSWER-indicative of gram-negative organisms. toxic portion of
LPS
Compared to Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea have ________ surface-to-volume
ratios, causing ________ nutrient exchange and growth rates. - ANSWER-higher/
higher
You have discovered a new microorganism, but you want to know if it is a eukaryote
or a prokaryote. To investigate this question you prepare a slide with a simple stain
and view it with a light microscope with a 40X objective lens and 10X ocular lens.
You also prepare a control slide using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a unicellular
eukaryote). You can see the cells on your control slide, but you don't see cells when
you look at your unknown microorganism. What can you conclude from this
experiment? - ANSWER-cells of the new unknown microorg may be too small to see
with objective and ocular
Some of the intestinal symptoms elicited by pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella,
and Escherichia (Gram negative organisms) are due to the presence of: - ANSWER-
LPS
Which of the following types of microscopy could be used to visualize the layers of
the cell membrane and the cell wall? - ANSWER-transmission electron
Which statement about the relationship between microbes and humans is FALSE? -
ANSWER-most microbes are pathogenic
Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions, especially heat, in part because of
the presence of: - ANSWER-dipicolinic acid
All of the following are non-protein electron carriers EXCEPT: - ANSWER-
cytochromes
, A chemoorganotroph and a chemolithotroph in the same environment would NOT
compete for: - ANSWER-carbon
Why is it important to use cultivation-independent methods to help understand
microbial diversity? - ANSWER-allows researchers to ID species that can't be grown
in cultures
The LPS consists of multiple parts. List the parts in order starting from attachment to
the outer membrane of the bacterial cell. - ANSWER-lipid A, core proteins, O-antigen
Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during _____. -
ANSWER-citric acid cycle
Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? - ANSWER-
lipoteichoic acid
The theory of spontaneous generation was refuted by the work of: - ANSWER-louise
pasteur
During electron transport reactions, - ANSWER-OH- accumulates on the inside of
the membrane while H+ accumulates on the outside
________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________
charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface. - ANSWER-teichoic acids/
negative
Peptidoglycan is made of which two polymers? - ANSWER-N-acetylglucosamine and
N-acetylmuramic acid (sugars and amino acids)
You are given an electron micrograph of a bacterial cell. In the micrograph you can
clearly see three thin layers of different densities surrounding the cell. Based on the
micrograph, you can infer that this cell is ________ and would appear ________
after application of the Gram stain procedure. - ANSWER-gram negative/ pink
Fermentation has a relatively low ATP yield compared to aerobic respiration because
- ANSWER-oxydative-phosphorylation uses lots of atp
The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester
linkages, while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages. -
ANSWER-eukarya/archaea
Microbes that live at high temperatures in hot springs are ________. - ANSWER-
Extremophiles
The net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose fermented is: - ANSWER-2
Which element functions BOTH as an enzyme cofactor and as a stabilizer of
ribosomes and nucleic acids? - ANSWER-magnesium
A catalyst: - ANSWER-substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
