1|Page
WCU Patho 370 Midterm 2026/2027 Actual exam
(Testing Real Exam Questions)and verified Answers
( 100% accurate)
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell
membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates ......ANSWER......c. Proteins
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful
in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders ......ANSWER......b.
Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells
across the plasma membrane?
pg. 1
,2|Page
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer ......ANSWER......d. Lipid bilayer
A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of
the action potential. What response by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a
response. ......ANSWER......b. No stimulus is able to evoke another
response at this time.
Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the
cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands ......ANSWER......b.
Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport
communication to cells some distance away?
pg. 2
,3|Page
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal ......ANSWER......d. Hormonal
Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that
are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormone ......ANSWER......a. Paracrine
Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to
which structure? a. Lipids
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Receptors ......ANSWER......d. Receptors
How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid
surrounding them? a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
pg. 3
, 4|Page
d. Chemical messengers such as ligands ......ANSWER......d. Chemical
messengers such as ligands
Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for
extracellular communication to be activated?
a. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
b. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
c. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
d. Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) ......ANSWER......b. Adenosine
monophosphate (AMP)
Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
a. Oxidative phosphorylation
b. Glycolysis
c. Lactolysis
d. Passive transport ......ANSWER......b. Glycolysis
What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)?
a. Anaerobic glycolysis
b. Oxidative cellular metabolism
c. Oxidative phosphorylation
pg. 4
WCU Patho 370 Midterm 2026/2027 Actual exam
(Testing Real Exam Questions)and verified Answers
( 100% accurate)
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell
membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates ......ANSWER......c. Proteins
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful
in designing drug therapy for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders ......ANSWER......b.
Autoimmune and malignant disorders
Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells
across the plasma membrane?
pg. 1
,2|Page
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer ......ANSWER......d. Lipid bilayer
A student asks for an explanation of the absolute refractory period of
the action potential. What response by the professor is best?
a. A stronger than normal impulse will evoke another response.
b. No stimulus is able to evoke another response at this time.
c. Multiple stimuli can produce more rapid action potentials.
d. The hyperpolarized state means a weaker stimulus produces a
response. ......ANSWER......b. No stimulus is able to evoke another
response at this time.
Which form of cell communication is used to communicate within the
cell itself and with other cells in direct physical contact?
a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
d. Extracellular chemical messengers such as ligands ......ANSWER......b.
Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules
Which mode of chemical signaling uses blood to transport
communication to cells some distance away?
pg. 2
,3|Page
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormonal ......ANSWER......d. Hormonal
Which mode of chemical signaling uses local chemical mediators that
are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurotransmitter
d. Hormone ......ANSWER......a. Paracrine
Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to
which structure? a. Lipids
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Receptors ......ANSWER......d. Receptors
How do cells receive communication from the extracellular fluid
surrounding them? a. Protein channel (gap junction)
b. Plasma membrane-bound signaling molecules (involving receptors)
c. Hormone secretion such as neurotransmitters
pg. 3
, 4|Page
d. Chemical messengers such as ligands ......ANSWER......d. Chemical
messengers such as ligands
Which molecule provides the second messenger necessary for
extracellular communication to be activated?
a. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)
b. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
c. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
d. Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) ......ANSWER......b. Adenosine
monophosphate (AMP)
Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
a. Oxidative phosphorylation
b. Glycolysis
c. Lactolysis
d. Passive transport ......ANSWER......b. Glycolysis
What is the mechanism by which the energy produced from
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is transferred to adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)?
a. Anaerobic glycolysis
b. Oxidative cellular metabolism
c. Oxidative phosphorylation
pg. 4
