2026 MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT COMPLETE
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A+.
1. A 65-year-old patient presents with sudden onset chest pain radiating to the left arm
and diaphoresis. What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
C. Echocardiogram
D. Cardiac MRI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ECG is the first-line test for suspected acute coronary syndrome. Chest X-
ray and imaging are secondary; MRI is not used in acute settings.
2. Which laboratory marker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
A. Creatine kinase-MB
B. Myoglobin
C. Troponin I
D. Lactate dehydrogenase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Troponin I is highly specific and sensitive for myocardial injury. CK-MB is
less specific; myoglobin rises early but is nonspecific.
3. A patient with type 2 diabetes presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Which test
confirms the diagnosis?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Random glucose only
C. Urine glucose
D. HbA1c alone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL confirms diabetes. HbA1c can
support diagnosis but fasting glucose is standard confirmatory.
4. Which antihypertensive drug is contraindicated in pregnancy?
A. Methyldopa
B. Labetalol
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Nifedipine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are teratogenic. Methyldopa and labetalol are safer
alternatives in pregnancy.
,5. A 30-year-old presents with fever, productive cough, and pleuritic chest pain. Most
likely diagnosis?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, productive cough, and pleuritic pain strongly suggest pneumonia.
PE lacks productive cough; asthma is non-infectious.
6. Which imaging modality is best for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?
A. Chest X-ray
B. CT pulmonary angiography
C. Ultrasound
D. MRI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CT pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for PE diagnosis.
7. A patient presents with jaundice and elevated bilirubin. Which condition is most
likely?
A. Anemia
B. Hepatitis
C. Hypertension
D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice indicates liver dysfunction; hepatitis commonly causes elevated
bilirubin.
8. First-line treatment for anaphylaxis is:
A. Antihistamines
B. Corticosteroids
C. Epinephrine
D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine is life-saving and must be administered immediately. Other
treatments are supportive.
9. Which condition is characterized by reversible airway obstruction?
A. COPD
B. Asthma
C. Bronchiectasis
D. Pneumonia
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asthma involves reversible airway obstruction; COPD is largely
irreversible.
10. A patient with severe dehydration should receive:
A. Oral glucose
B. IV fluids
C. Antibiotics
D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IV fluids rapidly restore volume. Oral intake may be insufficient in severe
dehydration.
11. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and arrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia leads to muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.
12. A child presents with barking cough and stridor. Likely diagnosis?
A. Asthma
B. Croup
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Barking cough is classic for croup. Epiglottitis presents more severely with
drooling.
13. Which condition requires immediate insulin therapy?
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Prediabetes
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DKA is a medical emergency requiring insulin infusion.
14. A patient with high fever, stiff neck, and altered mental status likely has:
A. Migraine
, B. Stroke
C. Meningitis
D. Epilepsy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Classic triad of meningitis includes fever, neck stiffness, and altered
consciousness.
15. Which antibiotic is commonly used for bacterial pneumonia?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Acyclovir
C. Fluconazole
D. Metronidazole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin is first-line for many community-acquired pneumonias.
16. A patient with weight loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia likely has:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Diabetes
D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These symptoms indicate hyperthyroidism.
17. Which diagnostic test evaluates kidney function?
A. ALT
B. Creatinine
C. Hemoglobin
D. Platelets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum creatinine reflects kidney function.
18. First-line treatment for hypertension includes:
A. Lifestyle modification
B. Surgery
C. Chemotherapy
D. Radiation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lifestyle changes are the initial step before medications.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS| ALREADY GRADED A+.
1. A 65-year-old patient presents with sudden onset chest pain radiating to the left arm
and diaphoresis. What is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test?
A. Chest X-ray
B. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
C. Echocardiogram
D. Cardiac MRI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ECG is the first-line test for suspected acute coronary syndrome. Chest X-
ray and imaging are secondary; MRI is not used in acute settings.
2. Which laboratory marker is most specific for myocardial infarction?
A. Creatine kinase-MB
B. Myoglobin
C. Troponin I
D. Lactate dehydrogenase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Troponin I is highly specific and sensitive for myocardial injury. CK-MB is
less specific; myoglobin rises early but is nonspecific.
3. A patient with type 2 diabetes presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Which test
confirms the diagnosis?
A. Fasting plasma glucose
B. Random glucose only
C. Urine glucose
D. HbA1c alone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL confirms diabetes. HbA1c can
support diagnosis but fasting glucose is standard confirmatory.
4. Which antihypertensive drug is contraindicated in pregnancy?
A. Methyldopa
B. Labetalol
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Nifedipine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are teratogenic. Methyldopa and labetalol are safer
alternatives in pregnancy.
,5. A 30-year-old presents with fever, productive cough, and pleuritic chest pain. Most
likely diagnosis?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, productive cough, and pleuritic pain strongly suggest pneumonia.
PE lacks productive cough; asthma is non-infectious.
6. Which imaging modality is best for diagnosing pulmonary embolism?
A. Chest X-ray
B. CT pulmonary angiography
C. Ultrasound
D. MRI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CT pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for PE diagnosis.
7. A patient presents with jaundice and elevated bilirubin. Which condition is most
likely?
A. Anemia
B. Hepatitis
C. Hypertension
D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice indicates liver dysfunction; hepatitis commonly causes elevated
bilirubin.
8. First-line treatment for anaphylaxis is:
A. Antihistamines
B. Corticosteroids
C. Epinephrine
D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine is life-saving and must be administered immediately. Other
treatments are supportive.
9. Which condition is characterized by reversible airway obstruction?
A. COPD
B. Asthma
C. Bronchiectasis
D. Pneumonia
, Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Asthma involves reversible airway obstruction; COPD is largely
irreversible.
10. A patient with severe dehydration should receive:
A. Oral glucose
B. IV fluids
C. Antibiotics
D. Diuretics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: IV fluids rapidly restore volume. Oral intake may be insufficient in severe
dehydration.
11. Which electrolyte imbalance causes muscle weakness and arrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia leads to muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.
12. A child presents with barking cough and stridor. Likely diagnosis?
A. Asthma
B. Croup
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Barking cough is classic for croup. Epiglottitis presents more severely with
drooling.
13. Which condition requires immediate insulin therapy?
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Prediabetes
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DKA is a medical emergency requiring insulin infusion.
14. A patient with high fever, stiff neck, and altered mental status likely has:
A. Migraine
, B. Stroke
C. Meningitis
D. Epilepsy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Classic triad of meningitis includes fever, neck stiffness, and altered
consciousness.
15. Which antibiotic is commonly used for bacterial pneumonia?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Acyclovir
C. Fluconazole
D. Metronidazole
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin is first-line for many community-acquired pneumonias.
16. A patient with weight loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia likely has:
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Diabetes
D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These symptoms indicate hyperthyroidism.
17. Which diagnostic test evaluates kidney function?
A. ALT
B. Creatinine
C. Hemoglobin
D. Platelets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum creatinine reflects kidney function.
18. First-line treatment for hypertension includes:
A. Lifestyle modification
B. Surgery
C. Chemotherapy
D. Radiation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lifestyle changes are the initial step before medications.
