Endocrine System Test Semester 1 2026 due April 2026 With
All Correct Answers
Endocrine primary function Answerproduce hormones; hormones act on specific target cells to produce
specific effects; no ducts (use circulatory system)
what does the endocrine system work together with? Answernervous system to maintain homeostasis
Hormones Answerchemical messengers produced by endocrine glands; absorbed into blood vessels and
will contact all cells of the body; only produces effects on cells containing specific receptors
Target cell Answer"lock and key" arrangement causes a change in activity of target cell; growth
hormone: all cells; Prolactin: mammary tissue
Control of hormone secretion Answernegative feedback system (like a thermostat)
If hormone level is low: Answerappropriate endocrine gland is stimulated to produce more hormone
If adequate hormone concentration is attained in the bloodstream: Answerstimulation of endocrine
gland is reduced and production of the hormone is stopped/reduced (negative feedback)
hypothalamus Answerpart of diencephalon; controls activities of pituitary gland; portal system of blood
vessels links hypothalamus with anterior portion of pituitary gland
neurosecretory cells Answerin hypothalamus that secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones into portal
blood vessels into anterior pituitary gland
6 hormones made by anterior pituitary gland Answergrowth hormone; thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH); Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); prolactin; adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
, posterior pituitary gland storage Answerdoes not make hormones but stores oxytocin and Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answermodified neurons in hypothalamus secrete them;
transported to posterior pituitary (along neurons) for storage
anterior pituitary Answeradenohypophysis; rostral portion; composed of glandular tissue; produces
hormones
posterior pituitary Answerneurohypophysis; caudal portion; composed of neurosecretory cells; stores
and releases hormones produced in hypothalamus
Growth Hormone (GH) Answerpromotes bone and muscle growth in young animals but targets all cells;
regulates metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; protein are synthesized via anabolism;
lipids are released from storage and go through catabolism for energy
hyperglycemic effect Answersince Growth hormone promotes the use of lipids for energy, glucose
accumulates in the blood; animal has to have a normal production of insulin to counteract
hyperglycemia
prolactin Answerhelps trigger and maintain lactation in females; secretion of milk by mammary glands;
when prolactin stimulation stops: milk production stops, mammary gland shrinks to nonlactating size;
continues to make milk if it is stimulated (positive feedback)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Answerstimulates growth/development of thyroid gland and causes
thyroid to produce hormones; negative feedback; levels too low TSH production increases; levels too
high TSH production diminishes
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Answerstimulates growth/development of adrenal cortex and the
release of its hormones; regulated by levels of cortisol
when cortisol is low or patient is stressed Answerthe hypothalamus will produce CRF which causes
anterior pituitary to release ACTH
All Correct Answers
Endocrine primary function Answerproduce hormones; hormones act on specific target cells to produce
specific effects; no ducts (use circulatory system)
what does the endocrine system work together with? Answernervous system to maintain homeostasis
Hormones Answerchemical messengers produced by endocrine glands; absorbed into blood vessels and
will contact all cells of the body; only produces effects on cells containing specific receptors
Target cell Answer"lock and key" arrangement causes a change in activity of target cell; growth
hormone: all cells; Prolactin: mammary tissue
Control of hormone secretion Answernegative feedback system (like a thermostat)
If hormone level is low: Answerappropriate endocrine gland is stimulated to produce more hormone
If adequate hormone concentration is attained in the bloodstream: Answerstimulation of endocrine
gland is reduced and production of the hormone is stopped/reduced (negative feedback)
hypothalamus Answerpart of diencephalon; controls activities of pituitary gland; portal system of blood
vessels links hypothalamus with anterior portion of pituitary gland
neurosecretory cells Answerin hypothalamus that secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones into portal
blood vessels into anterior pituitary gland
6 hormones made by anterior pituitary gland Answergrowth hormone; thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH); Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH); Luteinizing hormone (LH); prolactin; adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
, posterior pituitary gland storage Answerdoes not make hormones but stores oxytocin and Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH)
oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answermodified neurons in hypothalamus secrete them;
transported to posterior pituitary (along neurons) for storage
anterior pituitary Answeradenohypophysis; rostral portion; composed of glandular tissue; produces
hormones
posterior pituitary Answerneurohypophysis; caudal portion; composed of neurosecretory cells; stores
and releases hormones produced in hypothalamus
Growth Hormone (GH) Answerpromotes bone and muscle growth in young animals but targets all cells;
regulates metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; protein are synthesized via anabolism;
lipids are released from storage and go through catabolism for energy
hyperglycemic effect Answersince Growth hormone promotes the use of lipids for energy, glucose
accumulates in the blood; animal has to have a normal production of insulin to counteract
hyperglycemia
prolactin Answerhelps trigger and maintain lactation in females; secretion of milk by mammary glands;
when prolactin stimulation stops: milk production stops, mammary gland shrinks to nonlactating size;
continues to make milk if it is stimulated (positive feedback)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Answerstimulates growth/development of thyroid gland and causes
thyroid to produce hormones; negative feedback; levels too low TSH production increases; levels too
high TSH production diminishes
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Answerstimulates growth/development of adrenal cortex and the
release of its hormones; regulated by levels of cortisol
when cortisol is low or patient is stressed Answerthe hypothalamus will produce CRF which causes
anterior pituitary to release ACTH
