ALU 201 Exam (Chapter 13) – Accurate Solutions To
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Terms in this set (88)
When myocardial oxygen supply ischemia
cannot meet it's demand:
angina a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain
due to reduced oxygen to the heart
hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a
whole (generalized hypoxia) or a region of the body
(tissue hypoxia, or less commonly regional hypoxia)
is deprived of adequate oxygen supply
Myocardial infarction destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction
of the blood supply to the heart muscle.
findings on a post myocardial angina, low exercise capacity,
infarction exercise test that can help ischemic ST-segment depression at low workloads
identify individuals at high risk for a
recurrent event
Cardiac test findings that can be reversible defect on a thallium scan
indicative of myocardial ischemia wall motion abnormality on an echocardiogram
1 mm ST segment depression on an exercise stress
test
Name the medical treatment and Nitrates, beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers,
revascularization options for CAD PTCA(angioplasty), coronary Stenting,coronary
artery bypass graft surgery,
,The significance of the findings from a Severity & Location. Severity of obstruction refers to
coronary angiography procedure is the extent of stenosis & is expressed as a % of the
based on what two items? coronary artery diameter. The location is described in
relation to the origin of that coronary artery.
15-20% of adults with is their last symptom, falling victim to the syndrome
CAD, their first symptom of sudden
unexpected death as the first manifestation of this
impairment.
For the purposes of insurance medical coronary obstruction
risk assessment, the major left ventricular function
determinants of prognosis in the presence of ischemia
patients with CAD are: risk factor analysis
coronary obstruction The prognosis of CAD is dependent on the number
of coronary
vessels obstructed by plaque, as well as the severity
of obstruction (or occlusion) at each
site (myocardium at risk).
left ventricular function The normal heart has the ability to pump over half of
its blood
volume with each stroke. This is measured on
ventriculography or echocardiography as
the "ejection fraction", normally 50% or greater. Left
ventricular dysfunction (abnormal
function), particularly in the setting of myocardial
ischemia or infarction, is an important
factor in predicting survival outcomes.
the presence of ischemia In addition to a clinical history consistent with angina,
there
are invasive and non-invasive cardiac studies that
serve to further define the frequency
and severity of ischemic episodes. Evidence of
ongoing ischemia will usually predict
reduced survival in the absence of medical or
surgical intervention.
, risk factor analysis Increased understanding of the pathophysiology of
atherosclerosis
will highlight the importance of CAD risk factor
evaluation. Risk factor analysis
includes review of age, gender, and clinical history of
other conditions such as obesity,
hypertension, and diabetes. Insurance requirements
"for age and amount" will often
contain additional risk factor information, such as
lipid levels and renal function. Risk
factor assessment and control are crucial, both in
apparently healthy individuals (primary
prevention) as well as in individuals with known CAD
(secondary prevention) to reduce
CAD risk.
The coronary arteries are the major Reference is usually made to left and right systems
blood vessels that emerge from the based on where the take-off from the aorta occurs.
aortic root to supply (See Figure 1.)
the heart muscle with oxygen and
nutrients.
The left main coronary artery (LMCA) It usually passes behind the right ventricular outflow
arises from the upper portion of the tract and can extend 0 to 10 mm. It then
left aortic sinus. usually bifurcates by giving off the left circumflex
artery (LCx) at right angles and continues in a
straight line as the left anterior descending artery
(LAD).
The left anterior descending (LAD) It gives rise
artery supplies the anterior and septal at nearly right angles to the septal perforating
walls of the left arteries that go deep in the muscular septum. The
ventricle, passing down the anterior diagonal artery can arise between the circumflex and
interventricular groove toward the anterior descending artery (the ramus
cardiac apex intermedius) or it can originate more distally from the
anterior descending artery and course over
the anterolateral free wall of the left ventricle.
All Questions
Save
Terms in this set (88)
When myocardial oxygen supply ischemia
cannot meet it's demand:
angina a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain
due to reduced oxygen to the heart
hypoxia is a pathological condition in which the body as a
whole (generalized hypoxia) or a region of the body
(tissue hypoxia, or less commonly regional hypoxia)
is deprived of adequate oxygen supply
Myocardial infarction destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction
of the blood supply to the heart muscle.
findings on a post myocardial angina, low exercise capacity,
infarction exercise test that can help ischemic ST-segment depression at low workloads
identify individuals at high risk for a
recurrent event
Cardiac test findings that can be reversible defect on a thallium scan
indicative of myocardial ischemia wall motion abnormality on an echocardiogram
1 mm ST segment depression on an exercise stress
test
Name the medical treatment and Nitrates, beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers,
revascularization options for CAD PTCA(angioplasty), coronary Stenting,coronary
artery bypass graft surgery,
,The significance of the findings from a Severity & Location. Severity of obstruction refers to
coronary angiography procedure is the extent of stenosis & is expressed as a % of the
based on what two items? coronary artery diameter. The location is described in
relation to the origin of that coronary artery.
15-20% of adults with is their last symptom, falling victim to the syndrome
CAD, their first symptom of sudden
unexpected death as the first manifestation of this
impairment.
For the purposes of insurance medical coronary obstruction
risk assessment, the major left ventricular function
determinants of prognosis in the presence of ischemia
patients with CAD are: risk factor analysis
coronary obstruction The prognosis of CAD is dependent on the number
of coronary
vessels obstructed by plaque, as well as the severity
of obstruction (or occlusion) at each
site (myocardium at risk).
left ventricular function The normal heart has the ability to pump over half of
its blood
volume with each stroke. This is measured on
ventriculography or echocardiography as
the "ejection fraction", normally 50% or greater. Left
ventricular dysfunction (abnormal
function), particularly in the setting of myocardial
ischemia or infarction, is an important
factor in predicting survival outcomes.
the presence of ischemia In addition to a clinical history consistent with angina,
there
are invasive and non-invasive cardiac studies that
serve to further define the frequency
and severity of ischemic episodes. Evidence of
ongoing ischemia will usually predict
reduced survival in the absence of medical or
surgical intervention.
, risk factor analysis Increased understanding of the pathophysiology of
atherosclerosis
will highlight the importance of CAD risk factor
evaluation. Risk factor analysis
includes review of age, gender, and clinical history of
other conditions such as obesity,
hypertension, and diabetes. Insurance requirements
"for age and amount" will often
contain additional risk factor information, such as
lipid levels and renal function. Risk
factor assessment and control are crucial, both in
apparently healthy individuals (primary
prevention) as well as in individuals with known CAD
(secondary prevention) to reduce
CAD risk.
The coronary arteries are the major Reference is usually made to left and right systems
blood vessels that emerge from the based on where the take-off from the aorta occurs.
aortic root to supply (See Figure 1.)
the heart muscle with oxygen and
nutrients.
The left main coronary artery (LMCA) It usually passes behind the right ventricular outflow
arises from the upper portion of the tract and can extend 0 to 10 mm. It then
left aortic sinus. usually bifurcates by giving off the left circumflex
artery (LCx) at right angles and continues in a
straight line as the left anterior descending artery
(LAD).
The left anterior descending (LAD) It gives rise
artery supplies the anterior and septal at nearly right angles to the septal perforating
walls of the left arteries that go deep in the muscular septum. The
ventricle, passing down the anterior diagonal artery can arise between the circumflex and
interventricular groove toward the anterior descending artery (the ramus
cardiac apex intermedius) or it can originate more distally from the
anterior descending artery and course over
the anterolateral free wall of the left ventricle.
