Pathophysiology Mid-Term Exam –
QUESTIONS with answers
The human body requires cholesterol. It is used to construct:
a. muscle fibers
b. proteins
c. DNA
d. the cell membrane - correct answer: d. the cell membrane
Cholesterol is used by the cell to construct the phospholipid bilayer of
the cell membrane. Every cell in the body.
Mitochondria contain the enzymes necessary for:
a. gluconeogenesis
b. phagocytosis
c. photosynthesis
d. ATP production - correct answer: d. ATP production
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. Their main function is to
produce ATP.
,The movement of ions through the sodium-potassium pump is an
example of ________.
a. osmosis
b. active transport
c. simple diffusion
d. passive transport - correct answer: b. active transport
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport pump.
Active transport requires an energy input; in this case, ATP.
In the resting membrane potential, potassium is predominantly an
________-cellular ion and sodium is predominantly an ________-cellular
ion.
a. extra-; intra-
b. intra-; intra-
c. intra-; extra-
d. extra-; extra- - correct answer: c. intra-; extra-
Sodium in predominantly an extracellular ion, with a normal serum
concentration of 135-145 mEq/L and intracellular concentration of 3.5-5
mEq/L. Potassium is largely an intracellular ion, at concentrations of
135-145 mEq/L intracellularly and extracellular concentration of 3.5-5
mEq/L.
,During the action potential of a muscle or nerve cells, sodium rushing
into the cell causes an ________ response. - correct answer: all or none
An all-or-none response occurs after sodium influx, which results in the
subsequent phases of the action potential. Once sodium influxes into the
cell, conduction cannot be stopped.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, requires the heart to become
stronger. The cell's adaption strategy in response to hypertension is
________.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia - correct answer: b. hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the equivalent of body builders getting huge from lifting
weights.
Gangrene is an example of:
a. hyperplasia
b. apoptosis
c. necrosis
, d. cellular aging - correct answer: c. necrosis
An individual who carries a copy of the gene is a carrier. A synonym for
carrier, in this case, is ________.
a. recessive
b. dominant
c. heterozygous
d. homozygous - correct answer: c. heterozygous
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. One
strange and cruel feature of Huntington's disease is that patients usually
have had children by the time symptoms emerge. What is the likelihood
that children of parents—each homozygous (i.e. HH and HH)—will inherit
the disease?
a. 25%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 100% - correct answer: d. 100%
Since Huntington's disease follows an autosomal dominant inheritance
pattern, any dominant allele (i.e. "big H") that is passed on will result in
the disease. In the case of two homozygous parents, 100% of the
offspring will have the disease.
QUESTIONS with answers
The human body requires cholesterol. It is used to construct:
a. muscle fibers
b. proteins
c. DNA
d. the cell membrane - correct answer: d. the cell membrane
Cholesterol is used by the cell to construct the phospholipid bilayer of
the cell membrane. Every cell in the body.
Mitochondria contain the enzymes necessary for:
a. gluconeogenesis
b. phagocytosis
c. photosynthesis
d. ATP production - correct answer: d. ATP production
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. Their main function is to
produce ATP.
,The movement of ions through the sodium-potassium pump is an
example of ________.
a. osmosis
b. active transport
c. simple diffusion
d. passive transport - correct answer: b. active transport
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport pump.
Active transport requires an energy input; in this case, ATP.
In the resting membrane potential, potassium is predominantly an
________-cellular ion and sodium is predominantly an ________-cellular
ion.
a. extra-; intra-
b. intra-; intra-
c. intra-; extra-
d. extra-; extra- - correct answer: c. intra-; extra-
Sodium in predominantly an extracellular ion, with a normal serum
concentration of 135-145 mEq/L and intracellular concentration of 3.5-5
mEq/L. Potassium is largely an intracellular ion, at concentrations of
135-145 mEq/L intracellularly and extracellular concentration of 3.5-5
mEq/L.
,During the action potential of a muscle or nerve cells, sodium rushing
into the cell causes an ________ response. - correct answer: all or none
An all-or-none response occurs after sodium influx, which results in the
subsequent phases of the action potential. Once sodium influxes into the
cell, conduction cannot be stopped.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, requires the heart to become
stronger. The cell's adaption strategy in response to hypertension is
________.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. metaplasia
d. dysplasia - correct answer: b. hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the equivalent of body builders getting huge from lifting
weights.
Gangrene is an example of:
a. hyperplasia
b. apoptosis
c. necrosis
, d. cellular aging - correct answer: c. necrosis
An individual who carries a copy of the gene is a carrier. A synonym for
carrier, in this case, is ________.
a. recessive
b. dominant
c. heterozygous
d. homozygous - correct answer: c. heterozygous
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. One
strange and cruel feature of Huntington's disease is that patients usually
have had children by the time symptoms emerge. What is the likelihood
that children of parents—each homozygous (i.e. HH and HH)—will inherit
the disease?
a. 25%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 100% - correct answer: d. 100%
Since Huntington's disease follows an autosomal dominant inheritance
pattern, any dominant allele (i.e. "big H") that is passed on will result in
the disease. In the case of two homozygous parents, 100% of the
offspring will have the disease.
