CRJS 491 UNIT 1, 2, 3, 4 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
What are systematic reviews? - ANS a critical review of a specific body of work
What is a meta-analysis? - ANS A meta-analysis statistically pools the results from previous
studies into a single quantitative analysis that provides the highest level of evidence for an
intervention's efficacy.
risk assessment - ANS based on info from a persons criminal history, such as age of conviction
and number of convictions to date
criminogenic needs (dynamic risk factors) - ANS patterns of social interaction, egocentric
attitudes, poor social or cognitive skills
General Responsivity - ANS rehabilitation efforts will work better if they have clear, concrete
objectives. There is a focus on activity and the acquisition of skills
Specific Responsivity - ANS vital to adapt intervention strategies to accommodate diversity
among participants by modifying the delivery
RNR drop in recidivism rates - ANS 53%
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Multimodal - ANS more than two modes
most commonly used structural programs used in criminal justice - ANS derived from social
learning theory (ex. cog behavioural)
Benefit Cost Ratio - ANS An investment analysis ratio equal to the present value of all future
benefits of an investment divided by the present value of all future costs.
punitive public - ANS the public favours punitive actions against crime - should be punished
harshly. Many Americans are in favour of the death penalty and many believe criminals are not
punished harshly enough
rehabilitative public - ANS public wants a mix of punishment and correction of the offender
(dual belief), believes in rehabilitation in corrections especially for non-violent offences and
especially for juveniles
progressive public - ANS offenders need correction (least punitive), the public favours early
intervention
dispositional view - ANS the assumption that a person's behavior is the result of his or her
personality (disposition) rather than of pressures existing in the situation
situational view - ANS -the assumption that a person's behavior is the result of pressures
related to the circumstances of the surrounding situation
prejudiced public - ANS believe a specific race should be more harshly punished
GLM VS RNR - ANS The GLM assumes that criminal behaviour occurs as a result of frustrated
needs, while the RNR model assumes that criminal behaviour occurs as a result of personal
deficits and/or negative social influences.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
What are systematic reviews? - ANS a critical review of a specific body of work
What is a meta-analysis? - ANS A meta-analysis statistically pools the results from previous
studies into a single quantitative analysis that provides the highest level of evidence for an
intervention's efficacy.
risk assessment - ANS based on info from a persons criminal history, such as age of conviction
and number of convictions to date
criminogenic needs (dynamic risk factors) - ANS patterns of social interaction, egocentric
attitudes, poor social or cognitive skills
General Responsivity - ANS rehabilitation efforts will work better if they have clear, concrete
objectives. There is a focus on activity and the acquisition of skills
Specific Responsivity - ANS vital to adapt intervention strategies to accommodate diversity
among participants by modifying the delivery
RNR drop in recidivism rates - ANS 53%
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Multimodal - ANS more than two modes
most commonly used structural programs used in criminal justice - ANS derived from social
learning theory (ex. cog behavioural)
Benefit Cost Ratio - ANS An investment analysis ratio equal to the present value of all future
benefits of an investment divided by the present value of all future costs.
punitive public - ANS the public favours punitive actions against crime - should be punished
harshly. Many Americans are in favour of the death penalty and many believe criminals are not
punished harshly enough
rehabilitative public - ANS public wants a mix of punishment and correction of the offender
(dual belief), believes in rehabilitation in corrections especially for non-violent offences and
especially for juveniles
progressive public - ANS offenders need correction (least punitive), the public favours early
intervention
dispositional view - ANS the assumption that a person's behavior is the result of his or her
personality (disposition) rather than of pressures existing in the situation
situational view - ANS -the assumption that a person's behavior is the result of pressures
related to the circumstances of the surrounding situation
prejudiced public - ANS believe a specific race should be more harshly punished
GLM VS RNR - ANS The GLM assumes that criminal behaviour occurs as a result of frustrated
needs, while the RNR model assumes that criminal behaviour occurs as a result of personal
deficits and/or negative social influences.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
