HTH 3503 THEORIES OF HEALTH
BEHAVIOR EXAM 2 REVIEW. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
Internal Locus of Control - ANS One's own doing controls their fate. YOU make things happen.
External Locus of Control - ANS Outside forces (luck, supernatural causes, fate, power of
others) influence your life. Things happen to YOU.
Stable Internal - ANS Things within a person that are consistent from day-to-day (athletic
ability, creativity, habits, attitude and intellect.)
Stable External - ANS Things outside of the person that are consistent from day-to-day (safety
of the environment, access to healthcare, task difficulty, streets and roads.)
Unstable Internal - ANS Things within the person that can change from day-to-day (mood,
desire, appetite, and energy level.)
Unstable External - ANS Things outside of the person that can and do change from day-to-day
(luck, weather, available fruits and vegetables at the store.)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,History of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and Stages of Change - ANS 1980s: Scientists
tried to explain the way addictive behaviors (alcoholism, smoking, drug use, etc.) could be
changed.
Are the process in which change occurs different between each approach?
3 Principles of Change - ANS Decisional Balance: Weighing the pros and cons.
Self-Efficacy: Confidence in the ability to cope in high-risk situations without relapse.
Temptation: Intensity of urges to engage in a specific behavior in difficult situations.
Cognitive Process of Change - ANS Consciousness raising: Obtaining information about self
and problem behavior
Dramatic relief/Emotional Arousal: Expressing feeling about, or reacting emotionally to the
behavior in question.
Environmental Reevaluation: Looking at the behavior in light of its impact or effect on the
physical environment.
Social Liberation: Seeking options or alternatives that support the new behavior.
Self-reevaluation: Looking at self with and without the problem behavior and assessing the
differences in self-esteem.
Behavioral Process of Change - ANS Stimulus Control: Removing the triggers.
Helping Relationships: Having a support system.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Counter-Conditioning: Substituting the healthier behavior for the unhealthy one.
Reinforcement Management: Identifying rewards for maintaining the new behavior, and
punishment for not.
Self-Liberation: Freeing oneself from a behavior you no longer choose to engage in.
The Six Stages of Change - ANS Precontemplation: No intention to take action in the near
future (~6 months.)
Contemplation: No intention to change but considering the pros and cons of modifying the
behavior (~6 months.)
Preparation: Intention to take action soon (~1 month.)
Action: Recent, specific, and overt modification to change behavior (~6 months.)
Maintenance: Specific sustained modification in lifestyle, working to prevent relapse.
Termination: Zero temptation with 100% self-efficacy to avoid behavior.
Protection Motivation Theory - ANS Fear motivates people to change attitudes and
behaviors.
Threat Appraisal - ANS Assessing personal vulnerability to and seriousness of a threat.
Severity + Vulnerability - Rewards = Threat Appraisal
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
BEHAVIOR EXAM 2 REVIEW. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
Internal Locus of Control - ANS One's own doing controls their fate. YOU make things happen.
External Locus of Control - ANS Outside forces (luck, supernatural causes, fate, power of
others) influence your life. Things happen to YOU.
Stable Internal - ANS Things within a person that are consistent from day-to-day (athletic
ability, creativity, habits, attitude and intellect.)
Stable External - ANS Things outside of the person that are consistent from day-to-day (safety
of the environment, access to healthcare, task difficulty, streets and roads.)
Unstable Internal - ANS Things within the person that can change from day-to-day (mood,
desire, appetite, and energy level.)
Unstable External - ANS Things outside of the person that can and do change from day-to-day
(luck, weather, available fruits and vegetables at the store.)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,History of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and Stages of Change - ANS 1980s: Scientists
tried to explain the way addictive behaviors (alcoholism, smoking, drug use, etc.) could be
changed.
Are the process in which change occurs different between each approach?
3 Principles of Change - ANS Decisional Balance: Weighing the pros and cons.
Self-Efficacy: Confidence in the ability to cope in high-risk situations without relapse.
Temptation: Intensity of urges to engage in a specific behavior in difficult situations.
Cognitive Process of Change - ANS Consciousness raising: Obtaining information about self
and problem behavior
Dramatic relief/Emotional Arousal: Expressing feeling about, or reacting emotionally to the
behavior in question.
Environmental Reevaluation: Looking at the behavior in light of its impact or effect on the
physical environment.
Social Liberation: Seeking options or alternatives that support the new behavior.
Self-reevaluation: Looking at self with and without the problem behavior and assessing the
differences in self-esteem.
Behavioral Process of Change - ANS Stimulus Control: Removing the triggers.
Helping Relationships: Having a support system.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Counter-Conditioning: Substituting the healthier behavior for the unhealthy one.
Reinforcement Management: Identifying rewards for maintaining the new behavior, and
punishment for not.
Self-Liberation: Freeing oneself from a behavior you no longer choose to engage in.
The Six Stages of Change - ANS Precontemplation: No intention to take action in the near
future (~6 months.)
Contemplation: No intention to change but considering the pros and cons of modifying the
behavior (~6 months.)
Preparation: Intention to take action soon (~1 month.)
Action: Recent, specific, and overt modification to change behavior (~6 months.)
Maintenance: Specific sustained modification in lifestyle, working to prevent relapse.
Termination: Zero temptation with 100% self-efficacy to avoid behavior.
Protection Motivation Theory - ANS Fear motivates people to change attitudes and
behaviors.
Threat Appraisal - ANS Assessing personal vulnerability to and seriousness of a threat.
Severity + Vulnerability - Rewards = Threat Appraisal
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
