Biology paper 1 AQA GCSE, AQA GCSE Biology - Paper 1 Exam
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Diffusion
Movement of particles down the concentration
gradient Passive- no energy
Increase: difference in concentrations, surface area, temperature
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane to balance
concentration of solutions
Must be water to move because larger particles can't fit through
Active transport
Movement of particles through a membrane via carrier
proteins Requires energy, can go against concentration
gradient
,Osmosis practical
Weigh identical vegetable pieces and place in varying concentrations of
sugar solutions
After set time, remove from solution, dry to remove excess liquid,
reweigh Calculate change in mass
Plot graph
At 0% change in mass, the concentrations were equal
Organisation of human systems
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
DS: Mouth
Teeth break down food mechanically
Saliva contains amylase
DS: Stomach
Churns food together with hydrochloric acid and enzymes
DS: Liver
Produces blue- stored in gall bladder before going to small intestine
Bile emulsifies lipids into small droplets, increasing surface area for better
digestion
DS: Pancreas
Secretes amylase which breaks down starch into glucose in the small intestine
,DS: Small intestine
Nutrients absorbed by
villi However starch is too
large
DS: Large intestine
Water absorbed
Enzymes
Special proteins that act as biological catalysts, breaking down molecules
into shorter ones (polymers to monomers)
Specific- only breaking down molecules that fit its active site (lock and key
model)
Enzyme Denaturation
Temperature increases enzyme activity until denature (when the active site
changes shape)
Same is true for pH
Optimum= the condition for maximum activity
Digestive enzymes
Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into simple
sugars Proteases break down proteins into amino acids
Lipases break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
, Enzyme practical
Mix amylase and starch, start timer
Every ten seconds, add drop to iodine-filled spotting tray
Record time taken for no starch to be detected, shown by no colour change in
the iodine
Repeat at different temperatures or pHs
Food tests
Starch- iodine turns black
Sugar- Benedict's solution goes from blue to
brick red Protein- Biuret's reagent goes from
blue to purple
Lipids: cold ethanol goes cloudy or Sudan III splits into 2 layers, with the top
being brick red
Lung components
Trachea: wind pipe
Bronchi: split off
pipes Bronchioles:
branches Alveoli:
air sacs
Alveoli
Large surface area for gas
exchange Many capillaries for
increased diffusion
Oxygen diffuses into blood stream and CO2 and water also diffuse out
| Most Recent Exam 2026 Actual Complete Real Exam Questions
And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded A+
|Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Diffusion
Movement of particles down the concentration
gradient Passive- no energy
Increase: difference in concentrations, surface area, temperature
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane to balance
concentration of solutions
Must be water to move because larger particles can't fit through
Active transport
Movement of particles through a membrane via carrier
proteins Requires energy, can go against concentration
gradient
,Osmosis practical
Weigh identical vegetable pieces and place in varying concentrations of
sugar solutions
After set time, remove from solution, dry to remove excess liquid,
reweigh Calculate change in mass
Plot graph
At 0% change in mass, the concentrations were equal
Organisation of human systems
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
DS: Mouth
Teeth break down food mechanically
Saliva contains amylase
DS: Stomach
Churns food together with hydrochloric acid and enzymes
DS: Liver
Produces blue- stored in gall bladder before going to small intestine
Bile emulsifies lipids into small droplets, increasing surface area for better
digestion
DS: Pancreas
Secretes amylase which breaks down starch into glucose in the small intestine
,DS: Small intestine
Nutrients absorbed by
villi However starch is too
large
DS: Large intestine
Water absorbed
Enzymes
Special proteins that act as biological catalysts, breaking down molecules
into shorter ones (polymers to monomers)
Specific- only breaking down molecules that fit its active site (lock and key
model)
Enzyme Denaturation
Temperature increases enzyme activity until denature (when the active site
changes shape)
Same is true for pH
Optimum= the condition for maximum activity
Digestive enzymes
Carbohydrases break down carbohydrates into simple
sugars Proteases break down proteins into amino acids
Lipases break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
, Enzyme practical
Mix amylase and starch, start timer
Every ten seconds, add drop to iodine-filled spotting tray
Record time taken for no starch to be detected, shown by no colour change in
the iodine
Repeat at different temperatures or pHs
Food tests
Starch- iodine turns black
Sugar- Benedict's solution goes from blue to
brick red Protein- Biuret's reagent goes from
blue to purple
Lipids: cold ethanol goes cloudy or Sudan III splits into 2 layers, with the top
being brick red
Lung components
Trachea: wind pipe
Bronchi: split off
pipes Bronchioles:
branches Alveoli:
air sacs
Alveoli
Large surface area for gas
exchange Many capillaries for
increased diffusion
Oxygen diffuses into blood stream and CO2 and water also diffuse out
