NURS 480 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
What is the expected range for creatine kinase? - ANS 0% of total CK (30-170 units/L)
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for creatine kinase? - ANS 2-3 days
What is the expected range for troponin T? - ANS Less than 0.1 ng/mL
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for troponin T? - ANS 10-14 days
What is the range for troponin I? - ANS Less than 0.03 ng/mL
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for troponin I? - ANS 7-10 days
What is the rage for myoglobin? - ANS Less than 90 mcg/L
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for myoglobin? - ANS 24 hrs
What cardiac enzyme is more reliable as an indicator for cardiac damage or injury? -
ANS Troponin I
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is the range for cholesterol? - ANS Less than 200 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a cholesterol test? - ANS Screening for heart disease
What is the range for LDL? - ANS Less than 130 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a LDL test? - ANS "Bad" cholesterol
Transports cholesterol to the body's cell from the liver
What is the range for triglycerides? - ANS Males: 40-160 mg/dL
Females: 35-135 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a triglyceride test? - ANS Evaluate the client's risk for heart disease
What is the range for HDL? - ANS Males: greater than 45 mg/dL
Females: greater then 55 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a HDL test? - ANS "Good" cholesterol
Protected coronary arteries from heart disease by transporting cholesterol from the body's cells
to the liver
Why is a transthoracic echocardiography done? - ANS Diagnose valve disorders, and
cardiomyopathy; evaluate the size, shape, and motion of the structure of the heart; and
measure the ejection fraction
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is an intra op consideration for transthoracic echocardiography? - ANS Life on left side
an remain still
Why is transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS Provides clearer ultrasound images
because waves pass through less tissue
How is a transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS Small transducer is passed through
the mouth and into the esophagus to provide images of the heart
What is a pre op consideration for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS NPO for 6 hrs
prior
What are post op considerations for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS Monitor VS,
oxygenation status, LOC, and return of gag reflex
Keep HIB at 45 degrees
What is stress testing? - ANS Client exercises the cardiac muscles by walking on a treadmill
How is a pulmonary artery catheter instered? - ANS Into a large vein (internal jugular,
femoral, subclavian, brachial) and threaded through the right atria and ventricle into a branch of
the PA
PA catheters have multiple lumens and components. What are they and what are they used for?
- ANS Proximal Lumen: measures right atrial pressure (central venous pressure or CVP),
infuse IV fluids, and obtain venous blood samples
Distal Lumen: Measures PAP (PA systolic, PA diastolic, mean PA pressure, and PA wedge
pressure), NOT USED FOR IV FLUIDS
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Balloon Inflation Port: PAWP measurement, should be deflated and locked in position when not
in use
Thermistor: measures temp difference between the right atrium and the PA in order to
determine CO
What measure the preload of the right and left heart? - ANS Right: CVP
Left: PAWP
What are manifestation for elevated CVP and PAWP? - ANS Crackles in lungs
JVD
Hepatomegaly
Peripheral edema
Taut skin turgor
What are manifestations for decreased CVP and PAWP? - ANS Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
What is used to measure to afterload of the right and left heart? - ANS Right: pulmonary
vascular resistance
Left: systemic vascular resistance
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
What is the expected range for creatine kinase? - ANS 0% of total CK (30-170 units/L)
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for creatine kinase? - ANS 2-3 days
What is the expected range for troponin T? - ANS Less than 0.1 ng/mL
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for troponin T? - ANS 10-14 days
What is the range for troponin I? - ANS Less than 0.03 ng/mL
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for troponin I? - ANS 7-10 days
What is the rage for myoglobin? - ANS Less than 90 mcg/L
What is the expected duration of elevated levels for myoglobin? - ANS 24 hrs
What cardiac enzyme is more reliable as an indicator for cardiac damage or injury? -
ANS Troponin I
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is the range for cholesterol? - ANS Less than 200 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a cholesterol test? - ANS Screening for heart disease
What is the range for LDL? - ANS Less than 130 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a LDL test? - ANS "Bad" cholesterol
Transports cholesterol to the body's cell from the liver
What is the range for triglycerides? - ANS Males: 40-160 mg/dL
Females: 35-135 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a triglyceride test? - ANS Evaluate the client's risk for heart disease
What is the range for HDL? - ANS Males: greater than 45 mg/dL
Females: greater then 55 mg/dL
What is the purpose of a HDL test? - ANS "Good" cholesterol
Protected coronary arteries from heart disease by transporting cholesterol from the body's cells
to the liver
Why is a transthoracic echocardiography done? - ANS Diagnose valve disorders, and
cardiomyopathy; evaluate the size, shape, and motion of the structure of the heart; and
measure the ejection fraction
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,What is an intra op consideration for transthoracic echocardiography? - ANS Life on left side
an remain still
Why is transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS Provides clearer ultrasound images
because waves pass through less tissue
How is a transesophageal echocardiography done? - ANS Small transducer is passed through
the mouth and into the esophagus to provide images of the heart
What is a pre op consideration for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS NPO for 6 hrs
prior
What are post op considerations for transesophageal echocardiography? - ANS Monitor VS,
oxygenation status, LOC, and return of gag reflex
Keep HIB at 45 degrees
What is stress testing? - ANS Client exercises the cardiac muscles by walking on a treadmill
How is a pulmonary artery catheter instered? - ANS Into a large vein (internal jugular,
femoral, subclavian, brachial) and threaded through the right atria and ventricle into a branch of
the PA
PA catheters have multiple lumens and components. What are they and what are they used for?
- ANS Proximal Lumen: measures right atrial pressure (central venous pressure or CVP),
infuse IV fluids, and obtain venous blood samples
Distal Lumen: Measures PAP (PA systolic, PA diastolic, mean PA pressure, and PA wedge
pressure), NOT USED FOR IV FLUIDS
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Balloon Inflation Port: PAWP measurement, should be deflated and locked in position when not
in use
Thermistor: measures temp difference between the right atrium and the PA in order to
determine CO
What measure the preload of the right and left heart? - ANS Right: CVP
Left: PAWP
What are manifestation for elevated CVP and PAWP? - ANS Crackles in lungs
JVD
Hepatomegaly
Peripheral edema
Taut skin turgor
What are manifestations for decreased CVP and PAWP? - ANS Poor skin turgor
Dry mucous membranes
What is used to measure to afterload of the right and left heart? - ANS Right: pulmonary
vascular resistance
Left: systemic vascular resistance
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
