NURS 6501 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANS Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - ANS Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - ANS Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - ANS Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - ANS Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - ANS Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - ANS Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - ANS Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Serum Iron Concentration - ANS Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - ANS Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - ANS Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - ANS Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - ANS Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - ANS Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANS Anemia associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - ANS Anemia due to sudden loss of blood.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANS Anemia caused by insufficient iron.
Petechial Hemorrhages - ANS Small red or purple spots from bleeding under skin.
Bone Marrow Examination - ANS Procedure to assess bone marrow health and function.
Overwhelming Bacterial Infection - ANS Severe infection leading to systemic symptoms.
Aplastic Anemia - ANS Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle Cells - ANS Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANS Thickening of the heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
Aortic Stenosis - ANS Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic Dissection - ANS Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing severe pain.
Tachycardia - ANS Heart rate over 100 bpm, often symptomatic.
AV Dissociation - ANS Atria and ventricles beat independently.
Nonsustained Supraventricular Tachycardia - ANS Intermittent rapid heart rate from atria.
Sustained Wide Complex Atrial Tachycardia - ANS Persistent rapid atrial rhythm with wide
QRS.
Wide Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANS Rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS
complexes.
Narrow Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANS Rapid ventricular rhythm with narrow QRS
complexes.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANS Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leads to
dilation.
Ejection Fraction - ANS Percentage of blood pumped from heart per beat.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANS Backward flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ANS Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
Bradycardia - ANS Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - ANS Interruption in electrical conduction below
atrioventricular node.
Blocked Pathway at SA Node - ANS Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
Reentry Pathway - ANS Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
Paravalvular Leak - ANS Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
Aortic Stenosis - ANS Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
Aortic Regurgitation - ANS Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANS Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANS Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANS Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANS Slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often with
Philadelphia chromosome.
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia - ANS Anemia with small, pale red blood cells.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND UPDATED)
Rheumatoid Arthritis - ANS Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints.
CBC - ANS Complete blood count measuring blood components.
Hgb - ANS Hemoglobin concentration in blood, measured in g/dL.
Hct - ANS Hematocrit percentage of red blood cells.
MCV - ANS Mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells.
Platelet Count - ANS Number of platelets per microliter of blood.
WBC Count - ANS Total white blood cells per microliter.
Serum Haptoglobin - ANS Protein that binds free hemoglobin in blood.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Serum Iron Concentration - ANS Amount of iron in serum, measured in micrograms/dL.
Total Iron Binding Capacity - ANS Maximum amount of iron that can bind to transferrin.
Percent Saturation - ANS Percentage of transferrin saturated with iron.
Serum Ferritin Concentration - ANS Indicator of stored iron in the body.
Reticulocyte Concentration - ANS Percentage of immature red blood cells in circulation.
Beta-Thalassemia Major - ANS Severe form of thalassemia causing anemia.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANS Anemia associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Acute Blood Loss Anemia - ANS Anemia due to sudden loss of blood.
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANS Anemia caused by insufficient iron.
Petechial Hemorrhages - ANS Small red or purple spots from bleeding under skin.
Bone Marrow Examination - ANS Procedure to assess bone marrow health and function.
Overwhelming Bacterial Infection - ANS Severe infection leading to systemic symptoms.
Aplastic Anemia - ANS Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle Cells - ANS Abnormally shaped red blood cells in sickle cell disease.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - ANS Thickening of the heart's left ventricle due to pressure.
Aortic Stenosis - ANS Narrowing of the aortic valve affecting blood flow.
Aortic Dissection - ANS Tear in the aorta's inner layer causing severe pain.
Tachycardia - ANS Heart rate over 100 bpm, often symptomatic.
AV Dissociation - ANS Atria and ventricles beat independently.
Nonsustained Supraventricular Tachycardia - ANS Intermittent rapid heart rate from atria.
Sustained Wide Complex Atrial Tachycardia - ANS Persistent rapid atrial rhythm with wide
QRS.
Wide Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANS Rapid ventricular rhythm with wide QRS
complexes.
Narrow Complex Ventricular Tachycardia - ANS Rapid ventricular rhythm with narrow QRS
complexes.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANS Heart muscle disease with unknown cause, leads to
dilation.
Ejection Fraction - ANS Percentage of blood pumped from heart per beat.
Mitral Valve Regurgitation - ANS Backward flow of blood from left ventricle to atrium.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation - ANS Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
Bradycardia - ANS Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
Blocked Pathway at AV Node - ANS Interruption in electrical conduction below
atrioventricular node.
Blocked Pathway at SA Node - ANS Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
Reentry Pathway - ANS Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
Paravalvular Leak - ANS Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
Aortic Stenosis - ANS Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
Aortic Regurgitation - ANS Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - ANS Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - ANS Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) - ANS Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) - ANS Slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often with
Philadelphia chromosome.
Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia - ANS Anemia with small, pale red blood cells.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
