NUR 230: High Yield Pediatric Conditions - ATI / NCLEX Review 2026
|Galen College
1. A nurse is caring for a child with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take first?
A. Obtain a throat culture
B. Examine the throat with a tongue blade
C. Prepare for nasotracheal intubation
D. Administer oral fluids
Answer: C
Rationale: In epiglottitis, examining the throat or obtaining a culture can trigger a
laryngospasm and complete airway obstruction. Maintaining a patent airway via intubation
or tracheostomy is the priority.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis in an infant?
A. Currant jelly stools
B. Bile-stained vomitus
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Answer: D
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by non-bilious projectile vomiting due to the
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
,3. A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes cyanotic and dyspneic during a crying
spell. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Place the child in a knee-chest position
B. Administer 100% oxygen via mask
C. Prepare for emergency surgery
D. Administer morphine sulfate
Answer: A
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which
decreases the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘Tet spell.’
4. Which of the following findings is most characteristic of Intussusception?
A. Abdominal mass shaped like an olive
B. Stools mixed with blood and mucus (currant jelly)
C. Painless rectal bleeding
D. Constant, dull abdominal pain
Answer: B
Rationale: Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction and ischemia, resulting in stools
that resemble currant jelly due to blood and mucus.
5. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis about pancreatic
enzyme replacement. When should the enzymes be administered?
A. Once daily in the morning
B. Between meals
C. Only with high-fat meals
D. With every meal and snack
Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes are required with every meal and snack to facilitate the
digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
, 6. A 2-year-old is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. Which sign
should the nurse look for during the assessment?
A. Positive Kernig sign
B. Decreased intracranial pressure
C. Hypotension
D. Sunken fontanelles
Answer: A
Rationale: Kernig’s sign (pain with leg extension) and Brudzinski’s sign are classic
indicators of meningeal irritation in children.
7. A child is diagnosed with Acute Glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is
the most common cause of this condition?
A. Urinary tract infection
B. Recent Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
C. Chronic renal failure
D. Congenital heart defect
Answer: B
Rationale: Acute Glomerulonephritis typically follows a respiratory or skin infection
caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
8. What is the primary goal of treatment for a child in a sickle cell vaso-occlusive
crisis?
A. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
B. Pain management and hydration
C. Increasing physical activity
D. Restriction of fluids
Answer: B
Rationale: The priorities in a vaso-occlusive crisis are aggressive pain management and
hydration to reduce blood viscosity and improve circulation.
|Galen College
1. A nurse is caring for a child with suspected epiglottitis. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take first?
A. Obtain a throat culture
B. Examine the throat with a tongue blade
C. Prepare for nasotracheal intubation
D. Administer oral fluids
Answer: C
Rationale: In epiglottitis, examining the throat or obtaining a culture can trigger a
laryngospasm and complete airway obstruction. Maintaining a patent airway via intubation
or tracheostomy is the priority.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis in an infant?
A. Currant jelly stools
B. Bile-stained vomitus
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Answer: D
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is characterized by non-bilious projectile vomiting due to the
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
,3. A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes cyanotic and dyspneic during a crying
spell. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Place the child in a knee-chest position
B. Administer 100% oxygen via mask
C. Prepare for emergency surgery
D. Administer morphine sulfate
Answer: A
Rationale: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which
decreases the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘Tet spell.’
4. Which of the following findings is most characteristic of Intussusception?
A. Abdominal mass shaped like an olive
B. Stools mixed with blood and mucus (currant jelly)
C. Painless rectal bleeding
D. Constant, dull abdominal pain
Answer: B
Rationale: Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction and ischemia, resulting in stools
that resemble currant jelly due to blood and mucus.
5. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis about pancreatic
enzyme replacement. When should the enzymes be administered?
A. Once daily in the morning
B. Between meals
C. Only with high-fat meals
D. With every meal and snack
Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes are required with every meal and snack to facilitate the
digestion and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
, 6. A 2-year-old is admitted with suspected bacterial meningitis. Which sign
should the nurse look for during the assessment?
A. Positive Kernig sign
B. Decreased intracranial pressure
C. Hypotension
D. Sunken fontanelles
Answer: A
Rationale: Kernig’s sign (pain with leg extension) and Brudzinski’s sign are classic
indicators of meningeal irritation in children.
7. A child is diagnosed with Acute Glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is
the most common cause of this condition?
A. Urinary tract infection
B. Recent Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
C. Chronic renal failure
D. Congenital heart defect
Answer: B
Rationale: Acute Glomerulonephritis typically follows a respiratory or skin infection
caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
8. What is the primary goal of treatment for a child in a sickle cell vaso-occlusive
crisis?
A. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
B. Pain management and hydration
C. Increasing physical activity
D. Restriction of fluids
Answer: B
Rationale: The priorities in a vaso-occlusive crisis are aggressive pain management and
hydration to reduce blood viscosity and improve circulation.
