COMPREHENSIVE NURSING AND
MEDICAL CONCEPTS FOR FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
Sentinel event - ANS A serious, unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or
physiological injury.
ISBARR - ANS A communication tool used in healthcare to ensure clear, structured
communication between different members of the team, especially in critical situations.
I - Introduction - ANS Identify yourself, identify the patient.
S - Situation - ANS Explain what is happening with the patient.
B - Background - ANS Give pertinent information.
A - Assessment - ANS Share your clinical findings.
R - Recommendation - ANS Suggest what you think should be done.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,R - Read back - ANS Read back the orders the doctor is implementing.
2025 National Patient Safety Goals - ANS Goals include identifying patients correctly, using
medications safely, improving staff communication, using alarms safely, preventing infection,
identifying patient safety risks, improving health care equity, and preventing mistakes in surgery.
Malpractice - ANS When a healthcare professional fails to meet the standard of care,
resulting in harm or injury to a patient.
Negligence - ANS When a healthcare professional fails to act with reasonable care, and it
causes harm to the patient.
Therapeutic Communication - ANS Involves active listening, empathy, respect, and
nonjudgmental attitudes, allowing the patient to express their feelings in a safe environment.
Non-therapeutic Communication - ANS Involves techniques that block, shut down, or
discourage an open conversation.
Oral medication administration key points - ANS Do not crush enteric-coated (ec), capsules,
long-acting, or slow release medications. For liquid medication, measure liquid at eye level.
Ear Medication Administration - ANS Position patient on side. Adults: pull pinna up and back.
Child: pull pinna down and back. Do not insert applicator into ear canal.
Eye Drop Administration - ANS Gently press downward with thumb or forefinger against body
orbit, exposing conjunctival sac. Hold eye dropper 1-2cm away from conjunctival sac.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Eye Ointment Administration - ANS Apply a thin ribbon of ointment, evenly along inner edge
of lower eyelid from inner to outer canthus.
Intradermal Injections - ANS Administered at a 5-15 degree angle using a 25-27 gauge needle
that is 3/8 - 5/8 inches long.
Subcutaneous Injections - ANS Administered at a 45-90 degree angle using a 25-27 gauge
needle that is 3/8 - 5/8 inches long.
Intramuscular Injections - ANS Administered at a 90 degree angle using an 18 - 23 gauge
needle that is 1 - 2 inches long.
DEA Schedule I - ANS Includes illegal drugs with the highest abuse potential, such as heroin,
LSD, and marijuana, and has no accepted medical use.
DEA Schedule II - ANS Includes drugs with high abuse potential, such as morphine and
cocaine, and has accepted medical use with restrictions.
Numeric Rating Scale - ANS A clinical tool used to help patients identify their pain.
Wong-Baker Face Pain Scale - ANS A clinical tool used to help patients identify their pain.
Braden scale - ANS Assesses patients' risk for pressure injury.
KATZ index - ANS Assesses patients' ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
MEDICAL CONCEPTS FOR FINAL EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
Sentinel event - ANS A serious, unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or
physiological injury.
ISBARR - ANS A communication tool used in healthcare to ensure clear, structured
communication between different members of the team, especially in critical situations.
I - Introduction - ANS Identify yourself, identify the patient.
S - Situation - ANS Explain what is happening with the patient.
B - Background - ANS Give pertinent information.
A - Assessment - ANS Share your clinical findings.
R - Recommendation - ANS Suggest what you think should be done.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,R - Read back - ANS Read back the orders the doctor is implementing.
2025 National Patient Safety Goals - ANS Goals include identifying patients correctly, using
medications safely, improving staff communication, using alarms safely, preventing infection,
identifying patient safety risks, improving health care equity, and preventing mistakes in surgery.
Malpractice - ANS When a healthcare professional fails to meet the standard of care,
resulting in harm or injury to a patient.
Negligence - ANS When a healthcare professional fails to act with reasonable care, and it
causes harm to the patient.
Therapeutic Communication - ANS Involves active listening, empathy, respect, and
nonjudgmental attitudes, allowing the patient to express their feelings in a safe environment.
Non-therapeutic Communication - ANS Involves techniques that block, shut down, or
discourage an open conversation.
Oral medication administration key points - ANS Do not crush enteric-coated (ec), capsules,
long-acting, or slow release medications. For liquid medication, measure liquid at eye level.
Ear Medication Administration - ANS Position patient on side. Adults: pull pinna up and back.
Child: pull pinna down and back. Do not insert applicator into ear canal.
Eye Drop Administration - ANS Gently press downward with thumb or forefinger against body
orbit, exposing conjunctival sac. Hold eye dropper 1-2cm away from conjunctival sac.
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Eye Ointment Administration - ANS Apply a thin ribbon of ointment, evenly along inner edge
of lower eyelid from inner to outer canthus.
Intradermal Injections - ANS Administered at a 5-15 degree angle using a 25-27 gauge needle
that is 3/8 - 5/8 inches long.
Subcutaneous Injections - ANS Administered at a 45-90 degree angle using a 25-27 gauge
needle that is 3/8 - 5/8 inches long.
Intramuscular Injections - ANS Administered at a 90 degree angle using an 18 - 23 gauge
needle that is 1 - 2 inches long.
DEA Schedule I - ANS Includes illegal drugs with the highest abuse potential, such as heroin,
LSD, and marijuana, and has no accepted medical use.
DEA Schedule II - ANS Includes drugs with high abuse potential, such as morphine and
cocaine, and has accepted medical use with restrictions.
Numeric Rating Scale - ANS A clinical tool used to help patients identify their pain.
Wong-Baker Face Pain Scale - ANS A clinical tool used to help patients identify their pain.
Braden scale - ANS Assesses patients' risk for pressure injury.
KATZ index - ANS Assesses patients' ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs).
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
