RX PREP: PHARMACY FOUNDATIONS
PART 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
What does the somatic nervous system do? - ANS Voluntary Movements
What neurotransmitters are used in the somatic nervous system? - ANS Acetylcholine binds
to nicotinic receptors
What does the Autonomic Nervous system do? - ANS Involuntary Movement (GI &
Cardiovascular), including Parasympathetic and sympathetic responses
What are parasympathetic responses and how do they work? - ANS Rest and digest - SLUDD
salication, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion
Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors
What is a sympathetic response and how does it work? - ANS Fight or Flight - causes
increased BP, HR, and bronchodilation
Epi and Norepi bind to adrenergic receptors (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are the three common types of drug degradation? - ANS Oxidation reduction,
hydrolysis, and photolysis
What is oxidation reduction reactions? - ANS Oxidation - loses electrons
Reduction - Gains electrons
Redox Rxn - When both happen at the same time
Seen by a color change
Happens w/ hydroxyl (-OH to =O)
Prevent w/ antioxidants, metal chelating agents, buffer, temperature control, light control
What is Hydrolysis - ANS Using water to cleave a ond
Happens to Esters (O=R), amides (O=N), and lactams (rings w/ ketone) are common.
Prevents by protecting from water (desiccant, store as reconstituted powder, hydroscoopic salt,
light protection)
What is photolysis - ANS UV exposure breaks bond
Protect from light
Ascorbic acid, nitroprusside, and phytonadione
What are the most common CYP Inhibitors? - ANS o G: Grapefruit
o P: Protease Inhibitors (Ritonavir)
o A: Azole antifungals (fluconazole)
o C: Cyclosporine, cobicistat
o M: Macrolides (Clarithromycin, Erythromycin)
o A: Amiodarone
o N: Non-DHP CCBs (diltiazem, verapamil)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
PART 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
What does the somatic nervous system do? - ANS Voluntary Movements
What neurotransmitters are used in the somatic nervous system? - ANS Acetylcholine binds
to nicotinic receptors
What does the Autonomic Nervous system do? - ANS Involuntary Movement (GI &
Cardiovascular), including Parasympathetic and sympathetic responses
What are parasympathetic responses and how do they work? - ANS Rest and digest - SLUDD
salication, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion
Acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors
What is a sympathetic response and how does it work? - ANS Fight or Flight - causes
increased BP, HR, and bronchodilation
Epi and Norepi bind to adrenergic receptors (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are the three common types of drug degradation? - ANS Oxidation reduction,
hydrolysis, and photolysis
What is oxidation reduction reactions? - ANS Oxidation - loses electrons
Reduction - Gains electrons
Redox Rxn - When both happen at the same time
Seen by a color change
Happens w/ hydroxyl (-OH to =O)
Prevent w/ antioxidants, metal chelating agents, buffer, temperature control, light control
What is Hydrolysis - ANS Using water to cleave a ond
Happens to Esters (O=R), amides (O=N), and lactams (rings w/ ketone) are common.
Prevents by protecting from water (desiccant, store as reconstituted powder, hydroscoopic salt,
light protection)
What is photolysis - ANS UV exposure breaks bond
Protect from light
Ascorbic acid, nitroprusside, and phytonadione
What are the most common CYP Inhibitors? - ANS o G: Grapefruit
o P: Protease Inhibitors (Ritonavir)
o A: Azole antifungals (fluconazole)
o C: Cyclosporine, cobicistat
o M: Macrolides (Clarithromycin, Erythromycin)
o A: Amiodarone
o N: Non-DHP CCBs (diltiazem, verapamil)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
