PTA EXAM NPTE (MUSCULOSKELETAL)
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
Hip illiofemoral ligament - ANS Extends from anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochanteric
line of femur. LIMITS excessive hip extension Y fan shape
Hip Pubofemoral ligament - ANS Extends from Pubic portion of the rim of acetabulum to the
neck of the femur. LIMITS excessive abduction and extension
Ischiofemoral ligament - ANS extends from the iscial wall of the acetabulum to the neck of
the femur Limits EXT and IR and reinforces the articular capsule
Acetabular labrum - ANS Fibrocatilaginous rim attatched to the margin of the acetabulum
ATP-PC system - ANS High intensity short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 meters.
Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases a large amount of energy. Provides energy up to 15
seconds
Anaerobic glycolysis - ANS High intensity short duration activities such as sprinting 400-800
meters. Stored glycogen is split into glucose and through glycolysis split agian into pyruvic acid
to form ATP 30-40 seconds of muscle contraction
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Aerobic Metabolism - ANS Low intensity long duration exercise such as running a marathon.
Oxygen yield the most ATP but requires complex chemical reactions through oxidation of food.
Synarthroses joint (fibrous) joint classification - ANS Fibrous joints composed of bones united
by fibrous tissue and are non synovial. movement is minimal
Suture (synarthroses) - ANS Union of 2 bones by a ligament or membrane (ex sagittal suture
of skull)
Gomphosis (synarthroses) - ANS 2 bony surfaces connect such as a peg in the whole ex (tooth
in a socket)
Syndesmosis (joint classification) - ANS Bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous
membrane or cord
Amphiarthrosis (cartiliginous joint) - ANS Cartiliginous joints have cartilage or fibrocartilage
that connects one bone to another. slightly moveable joints
Shoulder flexion - ANS Anterior delt, Coracobrachialis, pec major, biceps brachii
Shoulder extension - ANS lattisimus dorsi, posterior delt, teres major
Shoulder abduction - ANS Middle deltoid, supraspinatus
Shoulder external rotation - ANS Teres minor, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Shoulder internal rotation - ANS Subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, lattisimus dorsi,
anterior deltoid
Scapula elevation - ANS upper traps, levator scapulae
Scapula depression - ANS lattisimus dorsi, pec major, pec minor, lower traps
Scapula protraction - ANS serratus anterior, pec minor
scapula retraction - ANS middle trapezius, rhomboids
scapula upward rotation - ANS upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior,
scapula downward rotation - ANS rhomboids, levator scapula, pec minor
Synchondrosis (amphiarthroses) - ANS Hyaline cartilage with cartilage adjoining 2 ossifying
centers of bone ex. Sternum and true rib articulation
Symphysis (ampiarthroses) - ANS located in the midline of the body, 2 bones with hyaline
cartilage
Diarthroses (synovial joints) - ANS Provide free movement between bones and have 5
distinguising characteristics, Joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid,
and fibrous capsule most complex and vulnerable
Uniaxial-one plane ( hinge/Pivot)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
(VERIFIED AND UPDATED)
Hip illiofemoral ligament - ANS Extends from anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochanteric
line of femur. LIMITS excessive hip extension Y fan shape
Hip Pubofemoral ligament - ANS Extends from Pubic portion of the rim of acetabulum to the
neck of the femur. LIMITS excessive abduction and extension
Ischiofemoral ligament - ANS extends from the iscial wall of the acetabulum to the neck of
the femur Limits EXT and IR and reinforces the articular capsule
Acetabular labrum - ANS Fibrocatilaginous rim attatched to the margin of the acetabulum
ATP-PC system - ANS High intensity short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 meters.
Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases a large amount of energy. Provides energy up to 15
seconds
Anaerobic glycolysis - ANS High intensity short duration activities such as sprinting 400-800
meters. Stored glycogen is split into glucose and through glycolysis split agian into pyruvic acid
to form ATP 30-40 seconds of muscle contraction
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Aerobic Metabolism - ANS Low intensity long duration exercise such as running a marathon.
Oxygen yield the most ATP but requires complex chemical reactions through oxidation of food.
Synarthroses joint (fibrous) joint classification - ANS Fibrous joints composed of bones united
by fibrous tissue and are non synovial. movement is minimal
Suture (synarthroses) - ANS Union of 2 bones by a ligament or membrane (ex sagittal suture
of skull)
Gomphosis (synarthroses) - ANS 2 bony surfaces connect such as a peg in the whole ex (tooth
in a socket)
Syndesmosis (joint classification) - ANS Bone connected to bone by a dense fibrous
membrane or cord
Amphiarthrosis (cartiliginous joint) - ANS Cartiliginous joints have cartilage or fibrocartilage
that connects one bone to another. slightly moveable joints
Shoulder flexion - ANS Anterior delt, Coracobrachialis, pec major, biceps brachii
Shoulder extension - ANS lattisimus dorsi, posterior delt, teres major
Shoulder abduction - ANS Middle deltoid, supraspinatus
Shoulder external rotation - ANS Teres minor, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Shoulder internal rotation - ANS Subscapularis, teres major, pectoralis major, lattisimus dorsi,
anterior deltoid
Scapula elevation - ANS upper traps, levator scapulae
Scapula depression - ANS lattisimus dorsi, pec major, pec minor, lower traps
Scapula protraction - ANS serratus anterior, pec minor
scapula retraction - ANS middle trapezius, rhomboids
scapula upward rotation - ANS upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior,
scapula downward rotation - ANS rhomboids, levator scapula, pec minor
Synchondrosis (amphiarthroses) - ANS Hyaline cartilage with cartilage adjoining 2 ossifying
centers of bone ex. Sternum and true rib articulation
Symphysis (ampiarthroses) - ANS located in the midline of the body, 2 bones with hyaline
cartilage
Diarthroses (synovial joints) - ANS Provide free movement between bones and have 5
distinguising characteristics, Joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid,
and fibrous capsule most complex and vulnerable
Uniaxial-one plane ( hinge/Pivot)
@2026/2027 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
