CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN BIOLOGY
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● Cellular respiration definition
Answer: Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and
other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
●● Cellular respiration chemical definition
Answer: Glucose + Oxygen + ADP + Phosphate -> ATP + Carbon
dioxide + water
●● Where does cellular respiration take place
Answer: mitochondria and cytoplasm
●● ATP
Answer: main energy source for cell functions
●● ADP
Answer: a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the
addition of a phosphate group
,●● proteins
Answer: chains of amino acids
●● fats
Answer: An energy-storage molecule composed of 3 fatty acids bound to
glycerol
●● carbs
Answer: individual or chains of simple sugars
●● protein synthesis
Answer: Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out
by RNA
●● structure of proteins
Answer: amino acids form linear chains, chains of amino acids form
peptides, peptides fold into complex structures called proteins
●● Triglycerides
Answer: an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of
glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
●● saturated fat
,Answer: fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum
possible number of hydrogen atoms (solid at room temp)
●● unsaturated fat
Answer: fat in which all three fatty acid chains do not contain the
maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms (liquid at room temp)
●● monosaccherides
Answer: simple sugars containing one sugar unit
●● complex saccherides
Answer: formed by multiple monosaccherides
●● disaccheride
Answer: sugars made of two covalently bonded monosaccharides; ex.
sucrose
●● polysaccheride
Answer: a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose
molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
●● starch
, Answer: A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of
glucose
●● cellulose
Answer: Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls, passes through the
human digestive system as fiber
●● path of nutrients
Answer: Mouth, esophagus, Stomach, small intestine, circulatory
system, body cells
●● length of small intestine
Answer: 5 to 7x the length of the person
●● small intestine
Answer: Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption
of food takes place
●● large intestine
Answer: The last section of the digestive system, where water is
absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the
body
●● mouth
EXAMINATION TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● Cellular respiration definition
Answer: Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and
other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
●● Cellular respiration chemical definition
Answer: Glucose + Oxygen + ADP + Phosphate -> ATP + Carbon
dioxide + water
●● Where does cellular respiration take place
Answer: mitochondria and cytoplasm
●● ATP
Answer: main energy source for cell functions
●● ADP
Answer: a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the
addition of a phosphate group
,●● proteins
Answer: chains of amino acids
●● fats
Answer: An energy-storage molecule composed of 3 fatty acids bound to
glycerol
●● carbs
Answer: individual or chains of simple sugars
●● protein synthesis
Answer: Forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out
by RNA
●● structure of proteins
Answer: amino acids form linear chains, chains of amino acids form
peptides, peptides fold into complex structures called proteins
●● Triglycerides
Answer: an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of
glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.
●● saturated fat
,Answer: fat in which all three fatty acid chains contain the maximum
possible number of hydrogen atoms (solid at room temp)
●● unsaturated fat
Answer: fat in which all three fatty acid chains do not contain the
maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms (liquid at room temp)
●● monosaccherides
Answer: simple sugars containing one sugar unit
●● complex saccherides
Answer: formed by multiple monosaccherides
●● disaccheride
Answer: sugars made of two covalently bonded monosaccharides; ex.
sucrose
●● polysaccheride
Answer: a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose
molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
●● starch
, Answer: A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of
glucose
●● cellulose
Answer: Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls, passes through the
human digestive system as fiber
●● path of nutrients
Answer: Mouth, esophagus, Stomach, small intestine, circulatory
system, body cells
●● length of small intestine
Answer: 5 to 7x the length of the person
●● small intestine
Answer: Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption
of food takes place
●● large intestine
Answer: The last section of the digestive system, where water is
absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the
body
●● mouth
