PNB 2265 BLOOD EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
Which blood type is considered the universal donor? The universal recipient? - Answer-
Donor: O
Recipient: AB
Can someone with Rh - blood receive Rh + blood? - Answer- No. An Rh - person does
not have the Rh antigen. Therefore, when exposed to Rh + blood, which does have the
Rh antigen, the person recognized the Rh antigen as foreign and attacks it.
Can someone with Rh + blood receive Rh - blood? - Answer- Yes. Rh - blood has no
antigens, so Rh + antibodies have nothing to attack.
What is the difference between Rh (D) antibodies and A/B antibodies? - Answer- Rh-
IgG, crosses the placental barrier, only present after exposure to Rh antigen
A/B: IgM, cannot cross placental barrier, always present in the body
What is hemolytic disease? Why does it become a problem for second pregnancies? -
Answer- Mothers hemorrhage during pregnancy, which allows some fetal blood to enter
maternal circulation. If the mom is Rh- and the baby is Rh+, the mom will become
sensitized and produce anti-RH antibodies.
What type of tissue is blood? - Answer- Connective tissue
What does blood consist of (4 things)? - Answer- -Plasma: 46-63%
-Formed elements: 37-54%, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What happens when blood is spun at a fast rate in a centrifuge? - Answer- Red blood
cells collect at the bottom, a Buffy coat of white blood cells collects in the middle, and
the fluid blood plasma collects at the top
What is the purpose of blood? - Answer- -Transport medium which carries materials
through out the body through the vasculature system powered by the heart
-Regulation of pH, osmolarity, temperature (38 degrees C), and fluid loss from injury
-Protection
What is hematocrit? - Answer- The packed cell volume/ proportion (percentage) of
whole blood volume that is made up of red blood cells
, What are the normal hematocrit values for men and women? Why is it higher for men? -
Answer- Men: 40-50%
Women: 36-44%
Higher for men because they have higher levels of testosterone, which activates EPO
hormone, which makes RBCs
What is a blood smear used for? - Answer- To prepare a slide blood can be viewed
under a microscope
What are platelets? - Answer- Cell fragments that originate from a type of leukocyte
(megakaryocyte)
What is the typical composition of blood plasma? - Answer- 92% water, 7% proteins,
1% other solutes
What types of proteins are found in blood plasma (4)? What roles do they play? -
Answer- Albumin: regulates water movement between the blood and interstitial fluid at
the capillary level
-Globulins: transport lipids and ions, act as antibodies that immobilize pathogens
-FIbrinogen: Helps with blood clotting
-Regulatory proteins: enzymes, proenzymes, and hormones
What solutes are found in blood plasma (5)? What roles do they play? - Answer- -
Electrolytes: establish and maintain membrane potentials, pH, and osmosis
-Nutrients: energy source
-Respiratory gases: Oxygen and CO2
-Wastes: urea, biliruben
-Regulatory substances: hormones, chemical signals
Define homeostasis as it relates to blood plasma. - Answer- Keeping many of the
constituents of blood plasma within narrow limits
What are erythrocytes? What is their basic structure? - Answer- Red blood cells,
small/biconcave disks with flattened area in center
Does an RBC have a nucleus or organelles? What does this allow them to
contain/specialize in? - Answer- No, RBCs are anuclear and lack organelles. This
allows them to contain hemoglobin and therefore specialize in oxygen transport. This
also limits their ability to synthesize proteins.
What is the role of cytoskeletal proteins (specrtin) in RBCs? Why is this so important? -
Answer- They allow RBCs to assume the biconcave shape. This allows for more
surface area than a normal sphere has, thus allowing maximum oxygen transportation
both into and out of the RBC.
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
Which blood type is considered the universal donor? The universal recipient? - Answer-
Donor: O
Recipient: AB
Can someone with Rh - blood receive Rh + blood? - Answer- No. An Rh - person does
not have the Rh antigen. Therefore, when exposed to Rh + blood, which does have the
Rh antigen, the person recognized the Rh antigen as foreign and attacks it.
Can someone with Rh + blood receive Rh - blood? - Answer- Yes. Rh - blood has no
antigens, so Rh + antibodies have nothing to attack.
What is the difference between Rh (D) antibodies and A/B antibodies? - Answer- Rh-
IgG, crosses the placental barrier, only present after exposure to Rh antigen
A/B: IgM, cannot cross placental barrier, always present in the body
What is hemolytic disease? Why does it become a problem for second pregnancies? -
Answer- Mothers hemorrhage during pregnancy, which allows some fetal blood to enter
maternal circulation. If the mom is Rh- and the baby is Rh+, the mom will become
sensitized and produce anti-RH antibodies.
What type of tissue is blood? - Answer- Connective tissue
What does blood consist of (4 things)? - Answer- -Plasma: 46-63%
-Formed elements: 37-54%, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What happens when blood is spun at a fast rate in a centrifuge? - Answer- Red blood
cells collect at the bottom, a Buffy coat of white blood cells collects in the middle, and
the fluid blood plasma collects at the top
What is the purpose of blood? - Answer- -Transport medium which carries materials
through out the body through the vasculature system powered by the heart
-Regulation of pH, osmolarity, temperature (38 degrees C), and fluid loss from injury
-Protection
What is hematocrit? - Answer- The packed cell volume/ proportion (percentage) of
whole blood volume that is made up of red blood cells
, What are the normal hematocrit values for men and women? Why is it higher for men? -
Answer- Men: 40-50%
Women: 36-44%
Higher for men because they have higher levels of testosterone, which activates EPO
hormone, which makes RBCs
What is a blood smear used for? - Answer- To prepare a slide blood can be viewed
under a microscope
What are platelets? - Answer- Cell fragments that originate from a type of leukocyte
(megakaryocyte)
What is the typical composition of blood plasma? - Answer- 92% water, 7% proteins,
1% other solutes
What types of proteins are found in blood plasma (4)? What roles do they play? -
Answer- Albumin: regulates water movement between the blood and interstitial fluid at
the capillary level
-Globulins: transport lipids and ions, act as antibodies that immobilize pathogens
-FIbrinogen: Helps with blood clotting
-Regulatory proteins: enzymes, proenzymes, and hormones
What solutes are found in blood plasma (5)? What roles do they play? - Answer- -
Electrolytes: establish and maintain membrane potentials, pH, and osmosis
-Nutrients: energy source
-Respiratory gases: Oxygen and CO2
-Wastes: urea, biliruben
-Regulatory substances: hormones, chemical signals
Define homeostasis as it relates to blood plasma. - Answer- Keeping many of the
constituents of blood plasma within narrow limits
What are erythrocytes? What is their basic structure? - Answer- Red blood cells,
small/biconcave disks with flattened area in center
Does an RBC have a nucleus or organelles? What does this allow them to
contain/specialize in? - Answer- No, RBCs are anuclear and lack organelles. This
allows them to contain hemoglobin and therefore specialize in oxygen transport. This
also limits their ability to synthesize proteins.
What is the role of cytoskeletal proteins (specrtin) in RBCs? Why is this so important? -
Answer- They allow RBCs to assume the biconcave shape. This allows for more
surface area than a normal sphere has, thus allowing maximum oxygen transportation
both into and out of the RBC.
