HSS 2321 Final Exam || All Answers are Valid.
What are the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? correct answers Mind-body dualism
Physical reductionism
Doctrine of specific etiology
Machine metaphor
Regimen and control
Who specified the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? correct answers Freund,
McGuire, and Podhurst 2003
What is Manning and Fabrega's biologistic view of the world correct answers 1. Organs and their
specific functions are identifiable and observable as discrete entities
2. Normal functioning of the body occurs the same for everybody unless disturbed by injury or
illness
3. People's sensory experiences are universal
4. Disease and experience of disease do not vary from one culture to another
5. Boundaries between self and body and between self and others are obvious
6. Death is the body's ceasing to function
7. Bodies should be seen objectively to be treated medically
Much of the research on the "normal" person has been on the ______ person correct answers
Male
What is considered a "__________" in one culture may be "________" in another correct
answers disease, normal
What did Montini and Slobin show about limitations in closing the gap between published
biomedical research, the scientific treatments documented by such research, and the actual daily
practice of medicine? correct answers Closing the gap relates to distinct value differences
between researchers and practitioners
, Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is certainty and
uncertainty? correct answers Clinicians work involves patients who want and need an immediate
and certain response
Scientific work does not depend on or even expect certainty, so the focus is on probability
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is evolutionary time
and clinical timeliness? correct answers Clinicians must make timely decisions in response to the
expressed and observed needs of individual patients
Scientific truth develops in incremental stages
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is aggregate measures
and individual prescriptions? correct answers Clinicians need to rely on what they know from
experience
Scientists do not have to rely on experience
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is scientific objectivity
and clinical experience? correct answers Clinicians are faced with a unique and changing
individual and, usually, subjectively experienced symptoms
Scientists try to control all variables
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is constant change and
standards of treatment? correct answers The doctor has to assume that current treatments will be
helpful and have a longer "shelf-life" than frequently changing scientific hypotheses
What is Evidence-based medicine correct answers Involves using statistical and other evaluative
techniques to meta-analyze scientific literature in order to inform the everyday practice of
medicine
Why was EBM developed? correct answers To bridge the gap between medical science and
medical practice
What are the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? correct answers Mind-body dualism
Physical reductionism
Doctrine of specific etiology
Machine metaphor
Regimen and control
Who specified the value assumptions of contemporary medicine? correct answers Freund,
McGuire, and Podhurst 2003
What is Manning and Fabrega's biologistic view of the world correct answers 1. Organs and their
specific functions are identifiable and observable as discrete entities
2. Normal functioning of the body occurs the same for everybody unless disturbed by injury or
illness
3. People's sensory experiences are universal
4. Disease and experience of disease do not vary from one culture to another
5. Boundaries between self and body and between self and others are obvious
6. Death is the body's ceasing to function
7. Bodies should be seen objectively to be treated medically
Much of the research on the "normal" person has been on the ______ person correct answers
Male
What is considered a "__________" in one culture may be "________" in another correct
answers disease, normal
What did Montini and Slobin show about limitations in closing the gap between published
biomedical research, the scientific treatments documented by such research, and the actual daily
practice of medicine? correct answers Closing the gap relates to distinct value differences
between researchers and practitioners
, Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is certainty and
uncertainty? correct answers Clinicians work involves patients who want and need an immediate
and certain response
Scientific work does not depend on or even expect certainty, so the focus is on probability
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is evolutionary time
and clinical timeliness? correct answers Clinicians must make timely decisions in response to the
expressed and observed needs of individual patients
Scientific truth develops in incremental stages
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is aggregate measures
and individual prescriptions? correct answers Clinicians need to rely on what they know from
experience
Scientists do not have to rely on experience
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is scientific objectivity
and clinical experience? correct answers Clinicians are faced with a unique and changing
individual and, usually, subjectively experienced symptoms
Scientists try to control all variables
Regarding Value Differences between researchers and practitioners, what is constant change and
standards of treatment? correct answers The doctor has to assume that current treatments will be
helpful and have a longer "shelf-life" than frequently changing scientific hypotheses
What is Evidence-based medicine correct answers Involves using statistical and other evaluative
techniques to meta-analyze scientific literature in order to inform the everyday practice of
medicine
Why was EBM developed? correct answers To bridge the gap between medical science and
medical practice
