HLSC 2416 EXAM 3 ACTUAL TEST PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● What are the two layers of the skin?.
Answer: epidermis (outer) and dermis (inner0
●● What lies beneath the two layers of skin?.
Answer: a subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue
●● Explain the epidermis..
Answer: a thin but tough protective outer layer
●● How are cells organized in the epidermis?.
Answer: they are bound tightly together in sheets that form a rugged
protective barrier
●● Explain the basal cell layer..
Answer: the inner layer of the epidermis that forms new skin cells
●● What is the major ingredient in skin cells formed in the basal cell
layer?.
,Answer: keratin
●● The ______________ interspersed along the basal cell layer produce
the pigment __________, which gives brown tones to the skin and hair..
Answer: melanocytes; melanin
●● T/F: People of all skin colors have the same number of melanocytes..
Answer: True: only the amount of melanin they produce varies with
genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.
●● Explain the horny cell layer..
Answer: the layer above the basal layer where new cells migrate to and
flatten; consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely
packed (cells are constantly being shed, or desquamated, and are
replaced with new cells)
●● How often is the epidermis completely replaced?.
Answer: every 4 weeks
●● Where is the skin thicker because of work and weight bearing?.
Answer: palms and soles
●● Where is skin color derived from?.
,Answer: 1. melanin (brown)
2. carotene (yellow-orange)
3. red-purple tones in underlying vascular bed
●● Explain the dermis..
Answer: the inner supportive layer consisting mostly of connective
tissue/ collagen
●● What is collagen?.
Answer: a tough, fibrous protein that enables the skin to resist tearing
●● The nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and lymphatics lie in
the _________..
Answer: dermis
●● What are some appendages from the epidermis that are embedded in
the dermis?.
Answer: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
●● Explain the subcutaneous layer's structure and functions..
Answer: adipose tissue (lobules of fat cells) that stores fat for energy,
provides insulation for temperature control, and aids in protection
also gives skin increased mobility
, ●● Hairs are threads of __________..
Answer: keratin
●● The hair ________ is the visible projecting part, and the _______ is
below the surface embedded in the follicle..
Answer: shaft; root
●● What is the bulb matrix?.
Answer: the expanded area at the root where new cells are produced at a
high rate
●● Each follicle functions ________________..
Answer: independently (some are resting and some are growing)
●● What are arrector pili muscles?.
Answer: muscles that contract and elevate the hair so it resembles
"goose flesh" when the skin is exposed to cold or in emotional states
●● What are the two types of hair?.
Answer: vellus and terminal hair
●● What are vellus hairs?.
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
●● What are the two layers of the skin?.
Answer: epidermis (outer) and dermis (inner0
●● What lies beneath the two layers of skin?.
Answer: a subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue
●● Explain the epidermis..
Answer: a thin but tough protective outer layer
●● How are cells organized in the epidermis?.
Answer: they are bound tightly together in sheets that form a rugged
protective barrier
●● Explain the basal cell layer..
Answer: the inner layer of the epidermis that forms new skin cells
●● What is the major ingredient in skin cells formed in the basal cell
layer?.
,Answer: keratin
●● The ______________ interspersed along the basal cell layer produce
the pigment __________, which gives brown tones to the skin and hair..
Answer: melanocytes; melanin
●● T/F: People of all skin colors have the same number of melanocytes..
Answer: True: only the amount of melanin they produce varies with
genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.
●● Explain the horny cell layer..
Answer: the layer above the basal layer where new cells migrate to and
flatten; consists of dead keratinized cells that are interwoven and closely
packed (cells are constantly being shed, or desquamated, and are
replaced with new cells)
●● How often is the epidermis completely replaced?.
Answer: every 4 weeks
●● Where is the skin thicker because of work and weight bearing?.
Answer: palms and soles
●● Where is skin color derived from?.
,Answer: 1. melanin (brown)
2. carotene (yellow-orange)
3. red-purple tones in underlying vascular bed
●● Explain the dermis..
Answer: the inner supportive layer consisting mostly of connective
tissue/ collagen
●● What is collagen?.
Answer: a tough, fibrous protein that enables the skin to resist tearing
●● The nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and lymphatics lie in
the _________..
Answer: dermis
●● What are some appendages from the epidermis that are embedded in
the dermis?.
Answer: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
●● Explain the subcutaneous layer's structure and functions..
Answer: adipose tissue (lobules of fat cells) that stores fat for energy,
provides insulation for temperature control, and aids in protection
also gives skin increased mobility
, ●● Hairs are threads of __________..
Answer: keratin
●● The hair ________ is the visible projecting part, and the _______ is
below the surface embedded in the follicle..
Answer: shaft; root
●● What is the bulb matrix?.
Answer: the expanded area at the root where new cells are produced at a
high rate
●● Each follicle functions ________________..
Answer: independently (some are resting and some are growing)
●● What are arrector pili muscles?.
Answer: muscles that contract and elevate the hair so it resembles
"goose flesh" when the skin is exposed to cold or in emotional states
●● What are the two types of hair?.
Answer: vellus and terminal hair
●● What are vellus hairs?.
