CHAPTER 4 HARTMANS NURSING ASSISTANT
CARE 2026 REVISION NOTES AND
STRUCTURED CNA OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ skin prevents _____ to internal organs. Answer: bacteria
◉ skin also prevents the loss of too much ______ which is essential to
life. Answer: water
◉ the skin is also a ________ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch,
and pressure. Answer: sense
◉ blood vessels _______ or widen, when the outside temperature is
too high. Answer: dilate
◉ blood vessels _______ or narrow, when the outside temperature is
too cold. Answer: constrict
◉ normal or sign/symptom: thinning skin. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: bruises. Answer: sign/symptom
,◉ normal or sign/symptom: wounds. Answer: sign/symptoms
◉ normal or sign/symptom: wrinkles. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: brown spots. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: thinning of fatty tissue. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: flaking skin. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: thinning hair. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: less elastic skin. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: reddened skin. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: swelling. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: gray hair. Answer: normal
◉ true or false: the body is shaped by muscles, bones, ligaments,
tendons, and cartilage. Answer: true
, ◉ true or false: the human body has 215 bones. Answer: false
◉ true or false: bones protect the body's organs. Answer: true
◉ true or false: two bones meet at a joint. Answer: true
◉ true or false: muscles allow movement of body parts. Answer: true
◉ true or false: rage of motion exercises help prevent problems
related to immobility. Answer: true
◉ true or false: atrophy occurs when a muscle weakens, decreases in
size, and wastes away. Answer: true
◉ true or false: one way to prevent falls is to keep walkers or canes
within reach. Answer: true
◉ normal or sign/symptom: bruising. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: weakening of muscles. Answer: normal
CARE 2026 REVISION NOTES AND
STRUCTURED CNA OVERVIEW GUIDE
◉ skin prevents _____ to internal organs. Answer: bacteria
◉ skin also prevents the loss of too much ______ which is essential to
life. Answer: water
◉ the skin is also a ________ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch,
and pressure. Answer: sense
◉ blood vessels _______ or widen, when the outside temperature is
too high. Answer: dilate
◉ blood vessels _______ or narrow, when the outside temperature is
too cold. Answer: constrict
◉ normal or sign/symptom: thinning skin. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: bruises. Answer: sign/symptom
,◉ normal or sign/symptom: wounds. Answer: sign/symptoms
◉ normal or sign/symptom: wrinkles. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: brown spots. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: thinning of fatty tissue. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: flaking skin. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: thinning hair. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: less elastic skin. Answer: normal
◉ normal or sign/symptom: reddened skin. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: swelling. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: gray hair. Answer: normal
◉ true or false: the body is shaped by muscles, bones, ligaments,
tendons, and cartilage. Answer: true
, ◉ true or false: the human body has 215 bones. Answer: false
◉ true or false: bones protect the body's organs. Answer: true
◉ true or false: two bones meet at a joint. Answer: true
◉ true or false: muscles allow movement of body parts. Answer: true
◉ true or false: rage of motion exercises help prevent problems
related to immobility. Answer: true
◉ true or false: atrophy occurs when a muscle weakens, decreases in
size, and wastes away. Answer: true
◉ true or false: one way to prevent falls is to keep walkers or canes
within reach. Answer: true
◉ normal or sign/symptom: bruising. Answer: sign/symptom
◉ normal or sign/symptom: weakening of muscles. Answer: normal
