PNB TEST WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
What sphincter is made of skeletal muscle? - Answer- upper esophageal sphincter
The HCO3-/Cl exchanger is located on ___ membrane of parietal cells and the ____
membrane of duct cells. - Answer- Basolateral membrane of parietal cells
Apical membrane of duct cells
Gastric bypass surgery complication can have what side effect? - Answer- Anemia
What is an example of tonic smooth muscle contractions? - Answer- sphincter muscles
Insulin is released from _____ cells. Where are they located? - Answer- Insulin is
released from beta cells
Beta cells that release insulin are located in pancreatic islets
H2 receptor antagonists change the activity of the proton pump by which of the following
mechanisms? - Answer- Decreasing the amount of cAMP / PKA
Where is CCK is released from what? - Answer- small intestine
Where does CCK bind its receptors on? - Answer- the gallbladder (where bile is
released)
What disorder does Antabuse treat? - Answer- alcohol use disorder
What enzyme would the drug Antabuse inhibit? - Answer- Acetaldehyde
Dehydrogenase
(it breaks down acetylaldehyde which is toxic and causes N+V)
What process is associated with post-absorptive state? - Answer- Gluconeogenesis
What does Gluconeogenesis do? - Answer- it makes new glucose when there is none
left in the body making it post absorptive.
What nutrient(s) can form Acetyl CoA? - Answer- Lipids and Carbohydrates
What are fats broken down by? - Answer- beta oxidation --> resulting in Acetyl CoA
, What are carbs broken down into - Answer- Carbs are broken down into glucose -->
pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA
What would inhibiting a muscarinic receptor in a parietal cell do? - Answer- decrease
PKC activity and decreases acid production
Muscarinic Receptor result in what? - Answer- ACH stimulates Ca2+ increasing its
concentration and PKC increased concentration.
muscarinic G coupled receptor, and its function? - Answer- Gq coupled increases acid
secretion
what are chief cells (stomach) responsible for secreting? - Answer- endopepidases
what does Endopepidases do? - Answer- convert pepsinogen -> pepsin
breaks the peptide bonds in proteins
smooth muscle contractions are increased by activating what G coupled receptor? -
Answer- Gq coupled (M3) and Gi stimulate
what G coupled receptor in smooth muscle produces relaxation? - Answer- Gs coupled
inhibits (VIP) which increase cAMP
what moves calcium? - Answer- PKC, Ach and Gastrin
GLUT 2 transporters use what type of transportation and are located where? waht do
they transport? - Answer- expressed on the membrane of hepatocytes
use facilitated diffusion glucose transporter
transport CARBS and B cells
Do GLUT 2 transporters need insulin? - Answer- no
whats found on both parietal cells and duct cells? (say if apical or basolateral) - Answer-
K+ channels (apical)
CFTR (apical)
Na/K/ATP (basolateral)
What lipase is associated with the absorptive state? - Answer- lipoprotein lipase
where is lipoprotein lipase stored? and what does it break down? what does it allow? -
Answer- stored in adipose tissue and muscle tissue
breaks down triglycerides from chlyomicrons (CM) and breaks down to free fatty acids
allow fatty acids to enter cell where fat can be stored
Chylomicrons (CM) are made in the ____ and absorbed by the _____. - Answer-
chylomicrons are formed in intestinal epithelia and are absorbed by exocytosis
ANSWERS
What sphincter is made of skeletal muscle? - Answer- upper esophageal sphincter
The HCO3-/Cl exchanger is located on ___ membrane of parietal cells and the ____
membrane of duct cells. - Answer- Basolateral membrane of parietal cells
Apical membrane of duct cells
Gastric bypass surgery complication can have what side effect? - Answer- Anemia
What is an example of tonic smooth muscle contractions? - Answer- sphincter muscles
Insulin is released from _____ cells. Where are they located? - Answer- Insulin is
released from beta cells
Beta cells that release insulin are located in pancreatic islets
H2 receptor antagonists change the activity of the proton pump by which of the following
mechanisms? - Answer- Decreasing the amount of cAMP / PKA
Where is CCK is released from what? - Answer- small intestine
Where does CCK bind its receptors on? - Answer- the gallbladder (where bile is
released)
What disorder does Antabuse treat? - Answer- alcohol use disorder
What enzyme would the drug Antabuse inhibit? - Answer- Acetaldehyde
Dehydrogenase
(it breaks down acetylaldehyde which is toxic and causes N+V)
What process is associated with post-absorptive state? - Answer- Gluconeogenesis
What does Gluconeogenesis do? - Answer- it makes new glucose when there is none
left in the body making it post absorptive.
What nutrient(s) can form Acetyl CoA? - Answer- Lipids and Carbohydrates
What are fats broken down by? - Answer- beta oxidation --> resulting in Acetyl CoA
, What are carbs broken down into - Answer- Carbs are broken down into glucose -->
pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA
What would inhibiting a muscarinic receptor in a parietal cell do? - Answer- decrease
PKC activity and decreases acid production
Muscarinic Receptor result in what? - Answer- ACH stimulates Ca2+ increasing its
concentration and PKC increased concentration.
muscarinic G coupled receptor, and its function? - Answer- Gq coupled increases acid
secretion
what are chief cells (stomach) responsible for secreting? - Answer- endopepidases
what does Endopepidases do? - Answer- convert pepsinogen -> pepsin
breaks the peptide bonds in proteins
smooth muscle contractions are increased by activating what G coupled receptor? -
Answer- Gq coupled (M3) and Gi stimulate
what G coupled receptor in smooth muscle produces relaxation? - Answer- Gs coupled
inhibits (VIP) which increase cAMP
what moves calcium? - Answer- PKC, Ach and Gastrin
GLUT 2 transporters use what type of transportation and are located where? waht do
they transport? - Answer- expressed on the membrane of hepatocytes
use facilitated diffusion glucose transporter
transport CARBS and B cells
Do GLUT 2 transporters need insulin? - Answer- no
whats found on both parietal cells and duct cells? (say if apical or basolateral) - Answer-
K+ channels (apical)
CFTR (apical)
Na/K/ATP (basolateral)
What lipase is associated with the absorptive state? - Answer- lipoprotein lipase
where is lipoprotein lipase stored? and what does it break down? what does it allow? -
Answer- stored in adipose tissue and muscle tissue
breaks down triglycerides from chlyomicrons (CM) and breaks down to free fatty acids
allow fatty acids to enter cell where fat can be stored
Chylomicrons (CM) are made in the ____ and absorbed by the _____. - Answer-
chylomicrons are formed in intestinal epithelia and are absorbed by exocytosis
