ICP || 100% Valid Solutions.
Increased Intracranial Pressure Description correct answers Life-threatening situation, Results
from the increased in any or all of the three components of the skull (Brian tissue, Blood, and
Cerebrospinal fluid [CSF])
Cerebral edema correct answers is an important factor contributing to increased ICP, results in an
increase in tissue volume that has the potential for increased ICP
Cerebral edema factors that determine the degree correct answers The extent and severity of the
original insult
Types of cerebral edema correct answers Vasogenic, Cytotoxic, and Interstitial (more than one
type may occur in the same pt)
Vasogenic correct answers Most common type, Occurs mainly in the white matter, Attributed to
changes in the endothelial lining of the cerebral capillaries (These changes result in the flow of
fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space)
Cytotoxic correct answers Results from local disruption of the functional or morphologic
integrity of the cell membranes occurs most often in the gray matter, Develops from destructive
lesions or trauma to brain tissue
Interstitial correct answers Results of rupture of the CSF brain barrier, Usually a result of
obstructive or uncontrolled hydrocephalus, Caused by enlargement of the extracellular space as a
result of systemic water excess (e.g.: water intoxication, hyponatremia)
Causes of cerebral edema: Mass lesions, head injuries and brain surgery, cerebral infection,
vascular insult, toxic or metabolic encephalopathy conditions
Mass lesions correct answers Brain abscess, Brain tumor (promary or metastatic), Hematoma
(intracerebral, subdural, epidural), Hemorrhage (intracerebral, cerebellar, brainstem)
, Head injuries and brain surgery: Contusion, Hemorrhage, Posttraumatic brain swelling
Cerebral infections correct answers Meningitis and Encephalitis
Vascular insult causes and what happens to the body correct answers Anoxic and ischemic
episodes, Cerebral infaction (thrombotic or embotic), Venous sinus thrombosis; which promotes
the formation and spread of cerebral edema (This edema distorts brain tissue, further increasing
ICP, which leads to more tissue hypoxia and acidosis)
Toxic or metabolic encephalopathic conditions correct answers Lead or arsenic intoxication,
Hepatic encephalopathy, uremia
Sustained increases in ICP result in correct answers brainstem compression and herniation of the
brain from one compartment to another (With brain displacement and herniation, ischemia and
edema are further increased)
Herniation forces correct answers the cerebellum and brainstem downward through the foramen
magnum (If compression of the brainstem is unrelieved, respiratory arrest will occur)
Manifestations of increased ICP can take many forms, depending on correct answers the cause,
location, and rate at which the pressure increase occurs
Increased ICP clinical manifestations correct answers Changes in the level of consciousness
(LOC), VS, Ocular signs, papilledema, decrease in motor function, vomiting, and HA
Increased ICP (Changes in the LOC) correct answers The sensitive and important indicator of the
patient's neurologic status; The change may be dramatic, as in coma, or subtle, such as change in
orientation or a decrease in the level of attention
Increased Intracranial Pressure Description correct answers Life-threatening situation, Results
from the increased in any or all of the three components of the skull (Brian tissue, Blood, and
Cerebrospinal fluid [CSF])
Cerebral edema correct answers is an important factor contributing to increased ICP, results in an
increase in tissue volume that has the potential for increased ICP
Cerebral edema factors that determine the degree correct answers The extent and severity of the
original insult
Types of cerebral edema correct answers Vasogenic, Cytotoxic, and Interstitial (more than one
type may occur in the same pt)
Vasogenic correct answers Most common type, Occurs mainly in the white matter, Attributed to
changes in the endothelial lining of the cerebral capillaries (These changes result in the flow of
fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space)
Cytotoxic correct answers Results from local disruption of the functional or morphologic
integrity of the cell membranes occurs most often in the gray matter, Develops from destructive
lesions or trauma to brain tissue
Interstitial correct answers Results of rupture of the CSF brain barrier, Usually a result of
obstructive or uncontrolled hydrocephalus, Caused by enlargement of the extracellular space as a
result of systemic water excess (e.g.: water intoxication, hyponatremia)
Causes of cerebral edema: Mass lesions, head injuries and brain surgery, cerebral infection,
vascular insult, toxic or metabolic encephalopathy conditions
Mass lesions correct answers Brain abscess, Brain tumor (promary or metastatic), Hematoma
(intracerebral, subdural, epidural), Hemorrhage (intracerebral, cerebellar, brainstem)
, Head injuries and brain surgery: Contusion, Hemorrhage, Posttraumatic brain swelling
Cerebral infections correct answers Meningitis and Encephalitis
Vascular insult causes and what happens to the body correct answers Anoxic and ischemic
episodes, Cerebral infaction (thrombotic or embotic), Venous sinus thrombosis; which promotes
the formation and spread of cerebral edema (This edema distorts brain tissue, further increasing
ICP, which leads to more tissue hypoxia and acidosis)
Toxic or metabolic encephalopathic conditions correct answers Lead or arsenic intoxication,
Hepatic encephalopathy, uremia
Sustained increases in ICP result in correct answers brainstem compression and herniation of the
brain from one compartment to another (With brain displacement and herniation, ischemia and
edema are further increased)
Herniation forces correct answers the cerebellum and brainstem downward through the foramen
magnum (If compression of the brainstem is unrelieved, respiratory arrest will occur)
Manifestations of increased ICP can take many forms, depending on correct answers the cause,
location, and rate at which the pressure increase occurs
Increased ICP clinical manifestations correct answers Changes in the level of consciousness
(LOC), VS, Ocular signs, papilledema, decrease in motor function, vomiting, and HA
Increased ICP (Changes in the LOC) correct answers The sensitive and important indicator of the
patient's neurologic status; The change may be dramatic, as in coma, or subtle, such as change in
orientation or a decrease in the level of attention
