CLINIC THEORY MIDTERM 1 FINAL STUDY
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE SOLVED
QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉1. vertical
2. oblique
3. horizontal (less common). Answer: 3 types of stroke directions
◉long axis. Answer: - straight line that passes through center of
tooth
- divides tooth symmetrically
- used when selecting the correct working-end of a periodontal
instrument
◉frontal plane. Answer: another name for coronal plane
◉lateral plane. Answer: another name for sagittal plane
◉axial plane. Answer: another name for transverse or horizontal
plane
,◉apical. Answer: direction towards the apex of a tooth
◉coronal. Answer: direction towards the crown of a tooth
◉midline. Answer: - instrumentation initiated here for anterior
teeth
- divides teeth into left and right
◉buccal. Answer: another name for facial surfaces of posterior teeth
◉labial. Answer: another name for facial surfaces of anterior teeth
◉lingual. Answer: surfaces facing the tongue
◉palatal. Answer: lingual surface of maxillary teeth
◉occlusal. Answer: biting surfaces of posterior teeth
◉incisal. Answer: biting surfaces of anterior teeth
◉distofacial line angle. Answer: area where all posterior
instrumentation initiated
,◉facial, lingual. Answer: main 2 aspects of teeth
◉distofacial, facial, mesiofacial. Answer: 3 facial aspects of teeth
◉distolingual, lingual, mesiolingual. Answer: 3 lingual aspects of
teeth
◉neutral positioning. Answer: -refers to ideal positioning of the
body in a balanced position
-results in decreased risk of musculoskeletal injury
◉neutral neck position. Answer: - head tilt of 0 to 15 degrees
- avoid head tipped too far forward or to one side
◉neutral shoulder position. Answer: - even shoulders
- dropped
- not hunched
◉neutral back position. Answer: - lean forward slightly from
waist/hips
- from 0-20 degrees
, - do not curve back
◉neutral upper arm position. Answer: -upper arms hang parallel to
the long axis of torso
-elbows at waist level held slightly away from body
- less than 20 degrees
- avoid elbows higher than waist (chicken form)
◉neutral forearm position. Answer: -held parallel to the floor
-raised or lowered, if necessary, by pivoting at the elbow joint
- avoid angle between forearm and upper arm of less than 60
degrees
◉neutral hand position. Answer: -little finger-side of palm is slightly
lower than thumb-side of palm
-wrist aligned with forearm
- avoid palm parallel to floor
◉neutral position in relation to patient. Answer: - Lower the patient
chair until the tip of the patient's nose is below the clinician's waist
- avoid placing legs under the back of patient
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE SOLVED
QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉1. vertical
2. oblique
3. horizontal (less common). Answer: 3 types of stroke directions
◉long axis. Answer: - straight line that passes through center of
tooth
- divides tooth symmetrically
- used when selecting the correct working-end of a periodontal
instrument
◉frontal plane. Answer: another name for coronal plane
◉lateral plane. Answer: another name for sagittal plane
◉axial plane. Answer: another name for transverse or horizontal
plane
,◉apical. Answer: direction towards the apex of a tooth
◉coronal. Answer: direction towards the crown of a tooth
◉midline. Answer: - instrumentation initiated here for anterior
teeth
- divides teeth into left and right
◉buccal. Answer: another name for facial surfaces of posterior teeth
◉labial. Answer: another name for facial surfaces of anterior teeth
◉lingual. Answer: surfaces facing the tongue
◉palatal. Answer: lingual surface of maxillary teeth
◉occlusal. Answer: biting surfaces of posterior teeth
◉incisal. Answer: biting surfaces of anterior teeth
◉distofacial line angle. Answer: area where all posterior
instrumentation initiated
,◉facial, lingual. Answer: main 2 aspects of teeth
◉distofacial, facial, mesiofacial. Answer: 3 facial aspects of teeth
◉distolingual, lingual, mesiolingual. Answer: 3 lingual aspects of
teeth
◉neutral positioning. Answer: -refers to ideal positioning of the
body in a balanced position
-results in decreased risk of musculoskeletal injury
◉neutral neck position. Answer: - head tilt of 0 to 15 degrees
- avoid head tipped too far forward or to one side
◉neutral shoulder position. Answer: - even shoulders
- dropped
- not hunched
◉neutral back position. Answer: - lean forward slightly from
waist/hips
- from 0-20 degrees
, - do not curve back
◉neutral upper arm position. Answer: -upper arms hang parallel to
the long axis of torso
-elbows at waist level held slightly away from body
- less than 20 degrees
- avoid elbows higher than waist (chicken form)
◉neutral forearm position. Answer: -held parallel to the floor
-raised or lowered, if necessary, by pivoting at the elbow joint
- avoid angle between forearm and upper arm of less than 60
degrees
◉neutral hand position. Answer: -little finger-side of palm is slightly
lower than thumb-side of palm
-wrist aligned with forearm
- avoid palm parallel to floor
◉neutral position in relation to patient. Answer: - Lower the patient
chair until the tip of the patient's nose is below the clinician's waist
- avoid placing legs under the back of patient
