DAVITA RISE FINAL TEST PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
●● Explain ultrafiltration in hemodialysis.
Answer: Fluid is pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM).
Think: wringing out a wet rag.
●● Explain convection in hemodialysis.
Answer: Solutes DRAG across the semipermeable membrane with fluid
●● Explain diffusion in hemodialysis.
Answer: PARTICLES move from HIGH concentration to LOW
concentration
●● Explain osmosis in hemodialysis.
Answer: FLUID moves LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
●● What are the kidneys' excretory functions?.
Answer: To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and
nutrient balance
,●● How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions?.
Answer: By using acid concentrate to help normalize electrolytes and
ultrafiltration to provide fluid balance
●● What is the function of acid concentrate.
Answer: Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps
normalize electrolytes
●● What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution?.
Answer: It buffers the acid concentrate
●● What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's
blood?.
Answer: It normalizes body pH
●● What are some S/Sx of hyperkalemia?.
Answer: K+ > 6.5 mEq
extreme muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, and possible cardiac arrest
●● What are some S/Sx of hypokalemia?.
Answer: K+ < 3.5 mEq
fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, resp. failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
,●● What is the normal blood pH range?.
Answer: 7.35 - 7.45
●● What are the kidneys' endocrine functions?.
Answer: Renin secretion
Erythropoietin secretion
Vitamin d activation
●● How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?.
Answer: By providing medications
●● How much of normal kidney function is replaced by HD?.
Answer: 15%
●● What is uremia?.
Answer: Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure
●● What does uremia affect?.
Answer: Uremia affects all body systems
●● What are the most common causes of CKD in the US?.
, Answer: diabetes, HTN and polycystic kidney disease
●● List the treatment goals for a pt. w/ CKD.
Answer: -slowing the progression of CKD
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects if CKD on pt. lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
●● Why is it so important to know what caused your pt.'s CKD?.
Answer: So the RN and PCT can ask about possible problems during
data collection and assessment
●● List some S/Sx of fluid imbalance.
Answer: HTN, edema, and SOB
●● Why is sodium balance important?.
Answer: Leads to volume expansion,
increased cardiac output,
increased peripheral vascular resistance
and increased BP
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
●● Explain ultrafiltration in hemodialysis.
Answer: Fluid is pushed through the semipermeable membrane (SPM).
Think: wringing out a wet rag.
●● Explain convection in hemodialysis.
Answer: Solutes DRAG across the semipermeable membrane with fluid
●● Explain diffusion in hemodialysis.
Answer: PARTICLES move from HIGH concentration to LOW
concentration
●● Explain osmosis in hemodialysis.
Answer: FLUID moves LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
●● What are the kidneys' excretory functions?.
Answer: To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and
nutrient balance
,●● How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions?.
Answer: By using acid concentrate to help normalize electrolytes and
ultrafiltration to provide fluid balance
●● What is the function of acid concentrate.
Answer: Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps
normalize electrolytes
●● What is the function of bicarbonate in the dialysate solution?.
Answer: It buffers the acid concentrate
●● What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's
blood?.
Answer: It normalizes body pH
●● What are some S/Sx of hyperkalemia?.
Answer: K+ > 6.5 mEq
extreme muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, and possible cardiac arrest
●● What are some S/Sx of hypokalemia?.
Answer: K+ < 3.5 mEq
fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, resp. failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
,●● What is the normal blood pH range?.
Answer: 7.35 - 7.45
●● What are the kidneys' endocrine functions?.
Answer: Renin secretion
Erythropoietin secretion
Vitamin d activation
●● How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions?.
Answer: By providing medications
●● How much of normal kidney function is replaced by HD?.
Answer: 15%
●● What is uremia?.
Answer: Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure
●● What does uremia affect?.
Answer: Uremia affects all body systems
●● What are the most common causes of CKD in the US?.
, Answer: diabetes, HTN and polycystic kidney disease
●● List the treatment goals for a pt. w/ CKD.
Answer: -slowing the progression of CKD
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects if CKD on pt. lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
●● Why is it so important to know what caused your pt.'s CKD?.
Answer: So the RN and PCT can ask about possible problems during
data collection and assessment
●● List some S/Sx of fluid imbalance.
Answer: HTN, edema, and SOB
●● Why is sodium balance important?.
Answer: Leads to volume expansion,
increased cardiac output,
increased peripheral vascular resistance
and increased BP
