Oncology Nursing Exam Newest 2026 Questions
and Correct Detailed Answers Already Graded A+
Cancer cells 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Lose some or all differentiated
functions
-Adhere loosely together
-Are able to migrate
-Grow by invasion
-Are not contact inhibited
-Are aneuploid- more than or less than 23 pairs of chromosomes
Key concepts related to cancer development - CORRECT ANSWER--
Neopalstic cells originate from normal body cells
-Transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell involves mutation of the
DNA of the normal cell
-Early embryonic genes that are overexpressed can cause a cell to develop
into a tumor
-Only one cell has to undergo malignant transformation for cancer to begin
Key concepts related to cancer 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Benign tumors
grow by expansion, whereas malignant tumors grow by invasion
-Most tumors arise from cells that are capable of cell division
-A key feature of cancer cells is "infinite" life span of loss of apoptosis
,Key concepts related to cancer 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Primary
prevention involves avoiding exposure to known causes of cancer
-Secondary prevention involves screening for early detection
-Tobacco use is a causative factor in 30% of all malignant neoplasms
-Tumors that metastasize from the primary site into another organ are still
designated as tumors of the originating tissue
Carcinogenesis: Initiation - CORRECT ANSWER--Proto-oncogenes- specific
early embryonic genes that controlled or regulated early rapid growth;
remain as normal cellular genes, but have limited function after early
embryonic life- usually "turned off"
-Initiation involves these proto-oncogenes being turned back on
Carcinogenesis: Initiation 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Carcinogens can
penetrate a cell, change the DNA, and turn the genes off or on- inflicts
mutations at specific sites on the cell's DNA
-A cancer cell must be able to divide to become a threat
Carcinogenesis: Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER--Enhancement of growth
-Latency period- the time between a cell's initiation and the development of
a tumor
-Latency may range from months to years
-Promoters may be hormones, drugs, or chemicals
Carcinogenesis: Progression - CORRECT ANSWER--The tumor must
develop its own blood supply
, -Tumor angiogenesis factor(triggers blood vessel growth)
Carcinogenesis: Metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER--Cells break off and
establish their own colonies
1. extension into surrounding tissues
2. blood vessel penetration
3. release of tumor cells
4. invasion
-Local seeding- shedding of cancer cells in the local area of the primary
tumor
-Bloodborne metastasis
-Lymphatic spread
Common sites of metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER--Breast- bone, lung,
liver, brain
-Prostate- bone, pelvic nodes
-Lung- brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes
-Colorectal- liver, lymph nodes
-Melanoma- GI, Lymph, lung, brain
Leading sites of new cancer cases - CORRECT ANSWER-Male- prostate
Female- Breast
Leading cause of cancer deaths - CORRECT ANSWER-Male- lung and
bronchus
Female- lung and bronchus
and Correct Detailed Answers Already Graded A+
Cancer cells 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Lose some or all differentiated
functions
-Adhere loosely together
-Are able to migrate
-Grow by invasion
-Are not contact inhibited
-Are aneuploid- more than or less than 23 pairs of chromosomes
Key concepts related to cancer development - CORRECT ANSWER--
Neopalstic cells originate from normal body cells
-Transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell involves mutation of the
DNA of the normal cell
-Early embryonic genes that are overexpressed can cause a cell to develop
into a tumor
-Only one cell has to undergo malignant transformation for cancer to begin
Key concepts related to cancer 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Benign tumors
grow by expansion, whereas malignant tumors grow by invasion
-Most tumors arise from cells that are capable of cell division
-A key feature of cancer cells is "infinite" life span of loss of apoptosis
,Key concepts related to cancer 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Primary
prevention involves avoiding exposure to known causes of cancer
-Secondary prevention involves screening for early detection
-Tobacco use is a causative factor in 30% of all malignant neoplasms
-Tumors that metastasize from the primary site into another organ are still
designated as tumors of the originating tissue
Carcinogenesis: Initiation - CORRECT ANSWER--Proto-oncogenes- specific
early embryonic genes that controlled or regulated early rapid growth;
remain as normal cellular genes, but have limited function after early
embryonic life- usually "turned off"
-Initiation involves these proto-oncogenes being turned back on
Carcinogenesis: Initiation 'cont. - CORRECT ANSWER--Carcinogens can
penetrate a cell, change the DNA, and turn the genes off or on- inflicts
mutations at specific sites on the cell's DNA
-A cancer cell must be able to divide to become a threat
Carcinogenesis: Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER--Enhancement of growth
-Latency period- the time between a cell's initiation and the development of
a tumor
-Latency may range from months to years
-Promoters may be hormones, drugs, or chemicals
Carcinogenesis: Progression - CORRECT ANSWER--The tumor must
develop its own blood supply
, -Tumor angiogenesis factor(triggers blood vessel growth)
Carcinogenesis: Metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER--Cells break off and
establish their own colonies
1. extension into surrounding tissues
2. blood vessel penetration
3. release of tumor cells
4. invasion
-Local seeding- shedding of cancer cells in the local area of the primary
tumor
-Bloodborne metastasis
-Lymphatic spread
Common sites of metastasis - CORRECT ANSWER--Breast- bone, lung,
liver, brain
-Prostate- bone, pelvic nodes
-Lung- brain, bone, liver, lymph nodes
-Colorectal- liver, lymph nodes
-Melanoma- GI, Lymph, lung, brain
Leading sites of new cancer cases - CORRECT ANSWER-Male- prostate
Female- Breast
Leading cause of cancer deaths - CORRECT ANSWER-Male- lung and
bronchus
Female- lung and bronchus
