BIOM 3090 Pharmacodynamics And Pharmacokinetics
Exam With Complete Solutions
NAPRA I drugs - ANSWER - require a prescription
NAPRA II drug - ANSWER - non-prescription
- obtained from pharmacist
NAPRA III - ANSWER - non-prescription
- Don't need a pharmacist
- can only buy at pharmacy
Unscheduled Drug - ANSWER - non-prescription
- can buy at places other than pharmacy
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER actions of body on drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER actions of drug on body
Lower limit size of drug (100 Da) allows for what: - ANSWER minimum size to
impart specificity of action and allow binding to select receptors
Upper limit size of drug (1000 Da) allows for what: - ANSWER reasonable
movement in the body to sites of action
What type of drug receptor bonds are more selective - ANSWER weak bonds
drug-receptor bonds order of strongest to weakest - ANSWER Covalent > Ionic
bonds > Hydrogen bonds > van der waals
how does shape and composition play a role in the selectivity of drug-receptor
binding? - ANSWER - lock and key interaction
- Intermolecular interactions: sum total of forces allows greater affinity of drug
for receptor
- Stereochemistry: enantiomers can exist for drugs, usually one more potent;
Drugs are often racemic mixtures
How does cell type distribution play a role in the selectivity of drug-receptor
binding? - ANSWER The more restricted a receptor is in the body location, the
more selective
The five possible mechanisms of action for classifying transmembrane ion
channels? - ANSWER Temperature
, Ligand
Voltage
Store
Stretch
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is in what type of transmembrane ion channel? -
ANSWER ligand-activated gated channel
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: how it works (closed state, open state, what
ions pass through) - ANSWER Closed state: channel pore is occluded by bulky
aa side chains
Open state: activation by binding of two Ach to alpha subunits resulting in a
conformational change
Allows Na+ and K+ to pass through
Voltage-activated channels: What happens in the activated state? - ANSWER
membrane depolarized -70 mV to 30 mV
voltage-activated channels: what state has low affinity for drugs - ANSWER
resting state
Examples of voltage activated channels - ANSWER Na+, K+, Cl-. Ca2+
SURI receptor - ANSWER regulate atp-dependent K+ channels in pancreatic
beta cells
How ATP-dependent K+ channels are regulated in pancreatic B cells to secrete
insulin (6 steps) - ANSWER 1. Glucose uptake by glucose transporter into cell
2. Hexokinase acts on glucose to make ATP
3. Channel closes, K+ can't leave, and cell depolarizes
4. voltage-sensitive Ca channels open bringing Ca2+ in
5. Ca2+ promotes the docking and release of insulin
6. Insulin --> rest of body
G protein coupled receptors: 3 steps - ANSWER 1. agonist binds to receptor,
causes GDP --> GTP phosphorylation and G-protein activation
2. alpha-GTP diffuses to effector molecule and activates it
3. Agonist unbinds, GTP-GDP hydrolysis, G protein reconstituted
Role of G protein coupled receptors - ANSWER - sensory perception
- reg. nerve activity, smooth muscle tension, metabolism, cardiac contraction,
gland secretion
Gs protein role - ANSWER activates Ca2+ channels and adenylase cyclase
Gq protein role - ANSWER activates phospholipase c
Exam With Complete Solutions
NAPRA I drugs - ANSWER - require a prescription
NAPRA II drug - ANSWER - non-prescription
- obtained from pharmacist
NAPRA III - ANSWER - non-prescription
- Don't need a pharmacist
- can only buy at pharmacy
Unscheduled Drug - ANSWER - non-prescription
- can buy at places other than pharmacy
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER actions of body on drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER actions of drug on body
Lower limit size of drug (100 Da) allows for what: - ANSWER minimum size to
impart specificity of action and allow binding to select receptors
Upper limit size of drug (1000 Da) allows for what: - ANSWER reasonable
movement in the body to sites of action
What type of drug receptor bonds are more selective - ANSWER weak bonds
drug-receptor bonds order of strongest to weakest - ANSWER Covalent > Ionic
bonds > Hydrogen bonds > van der waals
how does shape and composition play a role in the selectivity of drug-receptor
binding? - ANSWER - lock and key interaction
- Intermolecular interactions: sum total of forces allows greater affinity of drug
for receptor
- Stereochemistry: enantiomers can exist for drugs, usually one more potent;
Drugs are often racemic mixtures
How does cell type distribution play a role in the selectivity of drug-receptor
binding? - ANSWER The more restricted a receptor is in the body location, the
more selective
The five possible mechanisms of action for classifying transmembrane ion
channels? - ANSWER Temperature
, Ligand
Voltage
Store
Stretch
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is in what type of transmembrane ion channel? -
ANSWER ligand-activated gated channel
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: how it works (closed state, open state, what
ions pass through) - ANSWER Closed state: channel pore is occluded by bulky
aa side chains
Open state: activation by binding of two Ach to alpha subunits resulting in a
conformational change
Allows Na+ and K+ to pass through
Voltage-activated channels: What happens in the activated state? - ANSWER
membrane depolarized -70 mV to 30 mV
voltage-activated channels: what state has low affinity for drugs - ANSWER
resting state
Examples of voltage activated channels - ANSWER Na+, K+, Cl-. Ca2+
SURI receptor - ANSWER regulate atp-dependent K+ channels in pancreatic
beta cells
How ATP-dependent K+ channels are regulated in pancreatic B cells to secrete
insulin (6 steps) - ANSWER 1. Glucose uptake by glucose transporter into cell
2. Hexokinase acts on glucose to make ATP
3. Channel closes, K+ can't leave, and cell depolarizes
4. voltage-sensitive Ca channels open bringing Ca2+ in
5. Ca2+ promotes the docking and release of insulin
6. Insulin --> rest of body
G protein coupled receptors: 3 steps - ANSWER 1. agonist binds to receptor,
causes GDP --> GTP phosphorylation and G-protein activation
2. alpha-GTP diffuses to effector molecule and activates it
3. Agonist unbinds, GTP-GDP hydrolysis, G protein reconstituted
Role of G protein coupled receptors - ANSWER - sensory perception
- reg. nerve activity, smooth muscle tension, metabolism, cardiac contraction,
gland secretion
Gs protein role - ANSWER activates Ca2+ channels and adenylase cyclase
Gq protein role - ANSWER activates phospholipase c
