PNB 2265 BLOOD EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
What type of tissue is blood? - ANSWER-living connective tissue
-- "fluid connective tissue" because the matrix is plasma liquid
What are connective tissues defined by? - ANSWER-the composition of
extracellular matrix
Composition of extracellular matrix of blood - ANSWER-- plasma (liquid)
- cells (WBCs, RBCs); diversity of cell types
- cell fragments (platelets)
WBCs =
RBCs =
Platelets = - ANSWER-leukocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
T/F: Men have an average of 2L more blood than women. - ANSWER-TRUE
-- the Y chromosome creates larger body stature and blood volume is in proportion
to body size
Physical properties of blood - ANSWER-- mostly water (plasma)
- neutral pH of 7.4
1
,Volume of blood - ANSWER-4-6L of blood in average person
(approximately 7% of body weight)
General functions of blood - ANSWER--because plasma is mostly water, blood
takes on many water properties such as neutral pH
-this allows blood to take on a regulatory role in the body
-water has high specific heat (requires a lot of energy input to increase in
temperature); this makes blood a good temperature buffer in the body and helps
maintain thermal homeostasis
-the big function of solutes dissolved within blood is to maintain osmotic balance
between tissues and extracellular environment; prevent cells from shrinking,
swelling, or changing cell volume a lot
-TRANSPORT
Which function is most associated with blood? - ANSWER-TRANSPORT
- blood allows the body to overcome distance limitations of diffusion so we can
distribute gases (O2, CO2) and nutrients (glucose) throughout the body
- blood also transports metabolic waste away from the tissues so we can get rid of
them
3 general functions/reasons why blood is VERY important (blood volume must be
maintained all the time) - ANSWER-1. transport
-nutrients, wastes, gases (O2, CO2)
2. regulation
-pH (~7.4)
-osmolarity
-temperature (~38 degrees Celsius)
-fluid loss (injury)
2
,3. protection
-component of immune system
Fractionated blood - ANSWER--blood contains a lot of water, NOT pure water
-blood is a homogenous mixture
-if you let blood sit for a while, it fractionates into several layers: (1) plasma and
(2) formed elements
-plasma and formed elements are roughly equal in volume but plasma has a little
more volume
Layers of fractionated blood - ANSWER-1. plasma (46-63%)
**liquid portion
2. formed elements (37-54%)
-cells (WBCs, RBCs)
-cell fragments (platelets)
**particulate portion
Composition of blood: plasma - ANSWER--mostly water, yellowish
-NOT clear b/c not pure water
-in addition to water, plasma contains small % of dissolved solutes (soluble
proteins + electrolytes)
-sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions are found in the plasma fraction
-plasma has many small molecules that get transported through the blood like
glucose and water soluble hormones... many metabolic wastes travel in plasma too
3
, Composition of blood: plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen) -
ANSWER-Albumin
-lipid soluble hormones require a transport protein to carry them through the blood;
albumin proteins in the plasma serve the transport function
-osmolarity prevents changes in cell volume
-albumin (solute in blood) helps create an isotonic environment with the tissues,
which minimizes the water movement through osmosis
-we can change albumin levels to maintain osmolarity (balance)
Globulin
-another protein in plasma called globulins are whole family of proteins; very
important for making antibodies
Fibrinogen
-family of plasma proteins called fibrinogens; very important for process of blood
clotting
Albumin - ANSWER-protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the
blood
Plasma is not JUST water; it has diversity. Counter-intuitively, the formed element
fraction is ________ complicated - ANSWER-LESS
Composition of blood: formed elements - ANSWER-formed element fraction
ONLY contains cells (WBCs, RBCs) + cell fragments (platelets)
Plasma components - ANSWER-Plasma (46-63%)
4
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR
What type of tissue is blood? - ANSWER-living connective tissue
-- "fluid connective tissue" because the matrix is plasma liquid
What are connective tissues defined by? - ANSWER-the composition of
extracellular matrix
Composition of extracellular matrix of blood - ANSWER-- plasma (liquid)
- cells (WBCs, RBCs); diversity of cell types
- cell fragments (platelets)
WBCs =
RBCs =
Platelets = - ANSWER-leukocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
T/F: Men have an average of 2L more blood than women. - ANSWER-TRUE
-- the Y chromosome creates larger body stature and blood volume is in proportion
to body size
Physical properties of blood - ANSWER-- mostly water (plasma)
- neutral pH of 7.4
1
,Volume of blood - ANSWER-4-6L of blood in average person
(approximately 7% of body weight)
General functions of blood - ANSWER--because plasma is mostly water, blood
takes on many water properties such as neutral pH
-this allows blood to take on a regulatory role in the body
-water has high specific heat (requires a lot of energy input to increase in
temperature); this makes blood a good temperature buffer in the body and helps
maintain thermal homeostasis
-the big function of solutes dissolved within blood is to maintain osmotic balance
between tissues and extracellular environment; prevent cells from shrinking,
swelling, or changing cell volume a lot
-TRANSPORT
Which function is most associated with blood? - ANSWER-TRANSPORT
- blood allows the body to overcome distance limitations of diffusion so we can
distribute gases (O2, CO2) and nutrients (glucose) throughout the body
- blood also transports metabolic waste away from the tissues so we can get rid of
them
3 general functions/reasons why blood is VERY important (blood volume must be
maintained all the time) - ANSWER-1. transport
-nutrients, wastes, gases (O2, CO2)
2. regulation
-pH (~7.4)
-osmolarity
-temperature (~38 degrees Celsius)
-fluid loss (injury)
2
,3. protection
-component of immune system
Fractionated blood - ANSWER--blood contains a lot of water, NOT pure water
-blood is a homogenous mixture
-if you let blood sit for a while, it fractionates into several layers: (1) plasma and
(2) formed elements
-plasma and formed elements are roughly equal in volume but plasma has a little
more volume
Layers of fractionated blood - ANSWER-1. plasma (46-63%)
**liquid portion
2. formed elements (37-54%)
-cells (WBCs, RBCs)
-cell fragments (platelets)
**particulate portion
Composition of blood: plasma - ANSWER--mostly water, yellowish
-NOT clear b/c not pure water
-in addition to water, plasma contains small % of dissolved solutes (soluble
proteins + electrolytes)
-sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions are found in the plasma fraction
-plasma has many small molecules that get transported through the blood like
glucose and water soluble hormones... many metabolic wastes travel in plasma too
3
, Composition of blood: plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen) -
ANSWER-Albumin
-lipid soluble hormones require a transport protein to carry them through the blood;
albumin proteins in the plasma serve the transport function
-osmolarity prevents changes in cell volume
-albumin (solute in blood) helps create an isotonic environment with the tissues,
which minimizes the water movement through osmosis
-we can change albumin levels to maintain osmolarity (balance)
Globulin
-another protein in plasma called globulins are whole family of proteins; very
important for making antibodies
Fibrinogen
-family of plasma proteins called fibrinogens; very important for process of blood
clotting
Albumin - ANSWER-protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the
blood
Plasma is not JUST water; it has diversity. Counter-intuitively, the formed element
fraction is ________ complicated - ANSWER-LESS
Composition of blood: formed elements - ANSWER-formed element fraction
ONLY contains cells (WBCs, RBCs) + cell fragments (platelets)
Plasma components - ANSWER-Plasma (46-63%)
4
