NR 314 Final Exam Flashcards With
Complete Solutions
LCA Impact Assessment - ANSWER any particular impact resulted from a
production system
Characteristics of LCIA - ANSWER -Aggregate information
-Connect LCI with potential environmental impacts
-estimate relative potential harm to both humans and ecosystems
-evolves over time
Why does LCIA evolve over time? - ANSWER New data, new knowledge, new
framework
Two types of LCIA - ANSWER Endpoint and Midpoint
Endpoint includes - ANSWER damage that occurs to areas we want to protect
Specific examples of endpoint - ANSWER human health, natural environment,
natural resources
Specific examples of midpoint - ANSWER climate change, ozone depletion,
human toxicity (cancer) human toxicity (non cancer), respiratory inorganic
Midpoint includes - ANSWER environmental mechanisms?
What are the 4 steps of LCIA? - ANSWER 1. Classification
2. Characterization
3. Normalization
4. Weighting
1. Classification is - ANSWER -assignment of emissions to impact categories
according to their potential effects
- What impact category does an LCI item contribute to?
2. Characterization is: - ANSWER -Quantification of contributions to the different
impact categories
-How much does an LCI item contribute to the impact category?
3. Normalization is - ANSWER -Expression of the impact potentials relative to a
reference situation
, - How much is the characterized results as compared to a reference?
4. Weighting: - ANSWER -assignment of weights to the different impact
potentials
-How important each impact category is compared to others
What is the formula for characterization? - ANSWER Impact indicators=
inventory data x characterization factor (or impact category)
What are examples of characterization methods? - ANSWER Eco-Indicator 99,
TRACI
What is the formula for normalization: - ANSWER Normalization= impact
indicator result/reference value
For normalization, the reference will vary by _____ and _____ - ANSWER country,
year
For weighting, normalized results are always expressed as _____ - ANSWER a
percentage
For weighting, the normalized result multiplied by the _____ will show which
category is more important - ANSWER weighting factor
Not all functional units can be ____ - ANSWER Easily defined
For water use impact, the direct indicator would be - ANSWER Water footprint,
e.x L of water consumed/kWh power generated
For water use impact, the comprehensive indicator would be - ANSWER Eco
damage indicator
ex. net primary production and precipitation, which macke up the impact
characterization factor (WCF)
LCI and LCA Interpretation steps - ANSWER Step 1: Identification of significant
issues
Step 2: Evaluation of the Results in terms of completeness, sensitivity,
consistency
Step 3: Conclusions, recommendations, and reporting
If technical assumptions are applied you MUST ____ - ANSWER apply them to
everything
Complete Solutions
LCA Impact Assessment - ANSWER any particular impact resulted from a
production system
Characteristics of LCIA - ANSWER -Aggregate information
-Connect LCI with potential environmental impacts
-estimate relative potential harm to both humans and ecosystems
-evolves over time
Why does LCIA evolve over time? - ANSWER New data, new knowledge, new
framework
Two types of LCIA - ANSWER Endpoint and Midpoint
Endpoint includes - ANSWER damage that occurs to areas we want to protect
Specific examples of endpoint - ANSWER human health, natural environment,
natural resources
Specific examples of midpoint - ANSWER climate change, ozone depletion,
human toxicity (cancer) human toxicity (non cancer), respiratory inorganic
Midpoint includes - ANSWER environmental mechanisms?
What are the 4 steps of LCIA? - ANSWER 1. Classification
2. Characterization
3. Normalization
4. Weighting
1. Classification is - ANSWER -assignment of emissions to impact categories
according to their potential effects
- What impact category does an LCI item contribute to?
2. Characterization is: - ANSWER -Quantification of contributions to the different
impact categories
-How much does an LCI item contribute to the impact category?
3. Normalization is - ANSWER -Expression of the impact potentials relative to a
reference situation
, - How much is the characterized results as compared to a reference?
4. Weighting: - ANSWER -assignment of weights to the different impact
potentials
-How important each impact category is compared to others
What is the formula for characterization? - ANSWER Impact indicators=
inventory data x characterization factor (or impact category)
What are examples of characterization methods? - ANSWER Eco-Indicator 99,
TRACI
What is the formula for normalization: - ANSWER Normalization= impact
indicator result/reference value
For normalization, the reference will vary by _____ and _____ - ANSWER country,
year
For weighting, normalized results are always expressed as _____ - ANSWER a
percentage
For weighting, the normalized result multiplied by the _____ will show which
category is more important - ANSWER weighting factor
Not all functional units can be ____ - ANSWER Easily defined
For water use impact, the direct indicator would be - ANSWER Water footprint,
e.x L of water consumed/kWh power generated
For water use impact, the comprehensive indicator would be - ANSWER Eco
damage indicator
ex. net primary production and precipitation, which macke up the impact
characterization factor (WCF)
LCI and LCA Interpretation steps - ANSWER Step 1: Identification of significant
issues
Step 2: Evaluation of the Results in terms of completeness, sensitivity,
consistency
Step 3: Conclusions, recommendations, and reporting
If technical assumptions are applied you MUST ____ - ANSWER apply them to
everything
